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<li><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Rather than commenting out things you don’t need in the build, our thinking was to allow some unnecessary building in the interest of reducing porting complexity.  It doesn’t really matter
 if you don’t need the PciCf8 library as long as it builds fine.</span></li><li class="x_MsoListParagraph" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 0.5in;font-size:12pt;font-family:SimSun;margin-left:0in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">If you need the PciLib|MdePkg/Library/BasePciLibPciExpress/BasePciLibPciExpress.inf Instead of the PciLib|MdePkg/Library/BasePciLibCf8/BasePciLibCf8.inf, you can just override it in your DSC file
 after you have included the CoreCommonLib.dsc.  This is to reduce the number of includes that a typical board port needs to deal with correctly, but allow fine tuning and optimization later.</span></li></ul>
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</li>Hm, you're right. However I added another PCD to exclude things that RISC-V and many other non-x86 platforms don't have: SMM, port-mapped I/O, PC/AT architecture:</div>
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<a href="https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/cbec8681916fe2f4276118198a6d315fd06c75d3" id="LPlnk647061">https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/cbec8681916fe2f4276118198a6d315fd06c75d3</a></div>
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Then I have two more issues unrelated to RISC-V: <a href="https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/b68f4587fc28588b4474ff15d43918182c33b4b7" id="LPlnk915776">https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/b68f4587fc28588b4474ff15d43918182c33b4b7</a><br>
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And some related to RISC-V: <a href="https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/579705cf46dafc90e4a2bc243e5aa5cd828cb126" id="LPlnk">https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/579705cf46dafc90e4a2bc243e5aa5cd828cb126</a><br>
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And what's most relevant to Kaaira, the commit to make my QEMU platform use MinPlatform include files:</div>
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<a href="https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/54542812912079d6855e2be4186cb8a6978edac6" id="LPlnk800902">https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commit/54542812912079d6855e2be4186cb8a6978edac6</a></div>
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Add more MinPlatform Arch defined feature flags for PCI, SMM, etc.</div>
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Yes, absolutely. As above, for now I created one for common x86 concepts. But there should probably be one for PCI and USB should move to AdvancedFeatures, like you said.</div>
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The other two RISC-V platforms I'm working on don't have PCI and one of them doesn't have USB.</div>
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Add “Core System Design” includes.  E.G. one for x86, one for QEMU, one for RISKV, etc.  I am not sure how many of these we would need.<br>
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Right, that's a good idea. Kaaira and me can create one for QEMU with all of the virtio drivers.</div>
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And those for x86 and RISC-V wouldn't actually too big, as you can see in my change. RISC-V needs even less special modules.</div>
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Thanks,</div>
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Daniel<br>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> devel@edk2.groups.io <devel@edk2.groups.io> on behalf of Oram, Isaac W <isaac.w.oram@intel.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 21, 2021 11:38<br>
<b>To:</b> Schaefer, Daniel <daniel.schaefer@hpe.com>; devel@edk2.groups.io <devel@edk2.groups.io>; gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn <gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn>; kaaira7319@gmail.com <kaaira7319@gmail.com>; Ni, Ray <ray.ni@intel.com>; mikuback@linux.microsoft.com <mikuback@linux.microsoft.com><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Chang, Abner (HPS SW/FW Technologist) <abner.chang@hpe.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: 回复: [edk2-devel] GSoC 2021 Qemu OpenBoardPkg Project</font>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I think we should patch first and move to a common location later.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Looking at some of your changes and comments, I have these comments:</span></p>
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<li class="x_MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;margin-left:0in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Rather than commenting out things you don’t need in the build, our thinking was to allow some unnecessary building in the interest of reducing porting complexity.  It doesn’t really matter if
 you don’t need the PciCf8 library as long as it builds fine.</span></li><li class="x_MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;margin-left:0in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">If you need the PciLib|MdePkg/Library/BasePciLibPciExpress/BasePciLibPciExpress.inf Instead of the PciLib|MdePkg/Library/BasePciLibCf8/BasePciLibCf8.inf, you can just override it in your DSC file
 after you have included the CoreCommonLib.dsc.  This is to reduce the number of includes that a typical board port needs to deal with correctly, but allow fine tuning and optimization later.</span></li><li class="x_MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;margin-left:0in">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Rather than commenting out or adding !if modifications, you can set the feature PCD to false in your DSC file before including the file.  We are allowed to have multiple sections and the tools
 do a good job of applying them and aggregating them in sensible ways.  For example:</span></li></ul>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">#!if gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdPerformanceEnable == TRUE</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">#  PerformanceLib|MdeModulePkg/Library/PeiPerformanceLib/PeiPerformanceLib.inf</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">#!endif</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">If you just have:</span></li></ul>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">[</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:#A31515">PcdsFeatureFlag</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">]</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:green">#</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:green"># MinPlatform control flags</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:green">#</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdStopAfterDebugInit     |</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">FALSE</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdStopAfterMemInit       |</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">FALSE</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdBootToShellOnly        |</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">FALSE</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdUefiSecureBootEnable   |</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">FALSE</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdTpm2Enable             |</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">FALSE</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdSmiHandlerProfileEnable|</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">TRUE</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">  gMinPlatformPkgTokenSpaceGuid.PcdPerformanceEnable      |</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">FALSE</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:blue">…</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Consolas; color:black">!include $(PLATFORM_PACKAGE)/Include/Dsc/CoreCommonLib.dsc</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Then you should get the same result you want.</span></li></ul>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">This is useful feedback and we should think about how we want to enable optimization (stage 7) in a reasonable way.  We haven’t gotten that far into the optimization details as we wanted to get
 the basics worked out, but it might very much make sense to make more of these things controlled by MinPlatform Arch defined feature flags.  Or to move to Advanced Features.  And some things we haven’t cleaned up yet.  We still have USB in common includes,
 but those drivers should move to an Advanced Feature.  The main thing is we want intelligent default behavior so new board porting people can get productive fast without having to know all these edk2 special features.  Then as they get things working, they
 can start to take advantage of more edk2 and UEFI capabilities as they learn them.  Eventually hitting an optimization phase where common things can be quickly stripped out if not needed.  I hadn’t thought much about build optimization, but I think that this
 is reasonable to include in scope.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Looking at your feedback/challenges, I see a few options:</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Add more MinPlatform Arch defined feature flags for PCI, SMM, etc.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Add Advanced Features for them</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Add “Core System Design” includes.  E.G. one for x86, one for QEMU, one for RISKV, etc.  I am not sure how many of these we would need.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Thoughts and preferences?  I think that we need to keep in mind KISS for new board ports and new users.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The checklists should be “Board Porting Activity Checklist” and unfortunately for you both, you are making the first reference QemuOpenBoardPkg and boards and that is a little more involved than
 making derivatives, which is what those checklists are going to help the most.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Regards,<br>
Isaac</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Schaefer, Daniel <daniel.schaefer@hpe.com>
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 20, 2021 7:27 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Oram, Isaac W <isaac.w.oram@intel.com>; devel@edk2.groups.io; gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn; kaaira7319@gmail.com; Ni, Ray <ray.ni@intel.com>; mikuback@linux.microsoft.com<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Chang, Abner (HPS SW/FW Technologist) <abner.chang@hpe.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="ZH-CN">回复</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">: [edk2-devel] GSoC 2021 Qemu OpenBoardPkg Project</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Thanks for the answers, that's very helpful, guys!</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">I've started to replace some of my DSC and FDF with the include files mentioned by Michael.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Since RISC-V doesn't have I/O registers, SMM and some other things, I had to make some changes but not too many.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Maybe for Qemu there would have be some more non-Intel changes.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Would you accept patches to make it more arch agnostic? Or should we first move it out of the Intel directory?</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Sorry for hijacking your thread Kaaira, but I hope this discussion would also be helpful for you
</span><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif; color:black">🙂</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Just like you, I'm trying to convert a QEMU platform to MinPlatform. (And then the other RISC-V platforms)</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">If you want to have a look, you can check out my progress here:
</span><a href="https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commits/riscv-virt-minplatform-gh-actions"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">https://github.com/riscv/riscv-edk2-platforms/commits/riscv-virt-minplatform-gh-actions</span></a><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">My plan is:</span></p>
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<li class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;color:black">
<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Make DSC and FDF smaller by including generic files (WIP)</span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;color:black">
<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Try to take advantage of "AdvancedFeatures"</span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;color:black">
<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Reformat the FD into the FVs mandated by the MinPlatform spec</span></li><li class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;color:black">
<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Check the detailed requirements of each stage (e.g. required functions, build files, ...)</span></li></ol>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">I see that each stage in the MinPlatform spec has a checklist. They don't look like checklist but rather steps to achieve a certain state but that's also ok.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">See: </span><a href="https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-minimum-platform-specification/3_stage_1_minimum_debug/311_stage_enabling_checklist"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-minimum-platform-specification/3_stage_1_minimum_debug/311_stage_enabling_checklist</span></a><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Thanks,</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">Daniel</span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">
</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">>
 on behalf of Michael Kubacki <</span><a href="mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">mikuback@linux.microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 21, 2021 00:32<br>
<b>To:</b> Oram, Isaac W <</span><a href="mailto:isaac.w.oram@intel.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">isaac.w.oram@intel.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">>;
</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">>;
 Schaefer, Daniel <</span><a href="mailto:daniel.schaefer@hpe.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">daniel.schaefer@hpe.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">>;
</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"> <</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">>;
</span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">kaaira7319@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black"> <</span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">kaaira7319@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">>;
 Ni, Ray <</span><a href="mailto:ray.ni@intel.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">ray.ni@intel.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; color:black" lang="ZH-CN">回复</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:black">: [edk2-devel] GSoC 2021 Qemu OpenBoardPkg Project</span>
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<span style="font-size:11.0pt">Daniel,<br>
<br>
You will specifically find attempts to consolidate common libraries and <br>
modules in DSC and FDF files that can be included into a board package <br>
here - <br>
</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/tree/master/Platform/Intel/MinPlatformPkg/Include"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/tree/master/Platform/Intel/MinPlatformPkg/Include</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">.
<br>
Files are split such that they can be included in the corresponding <br>
section in the board package DSC/FDF file. Note there are some mixed <br>
opinions I've encountered in the industry on the complexity trade off <br>
associated with includes in DSC and FDF files.<br>
<br>
But as Isaac mentioned, while MinPlatform is designed to support <br>
multiple architectures, it has only be enabled on Intel platforms, <br>
therefore, you should expect to encounter some problems enabling a <br>
different architecture but identifying and/or resolving those would be <br>
very valuable.<br>
<br>
As you are exploring how to port a platform to MinPlatform I also <br>
recommend familiarizing yourself the concept of advanced features <br>
described here - <br>
</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/blob/master/Features/Intel/Readme.md"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/blob/master/Features/Intel/Readme.md</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">.
<br>
You might find your board package is relatively simpler than the <br>
original platform package after accounting for advanced features being <br>
separated out.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Michael<br>
<br>
<br>
On 5/20/2021 8:05 AM, Oram, Isaac W wrote:<br>
> Daniel,<br>
> <br>
> The MinPlatform spec was intended to be architecture and product <br>
> independent for a <span lang="ZH-CN">“</span>mainstream<span lang="ZH-CN">”</span> set of products.  It is intended to
<br>
> constrain some of the nearly unlimited extensibility and flexibility of <br>
> UEFI specs and edk2 codebase.  We took an 80/20 kind of approach.  Base <br>
> design should work for 80% of designs, but some will need to leverage <br>
> full edk2 and UEFI specification flexibility.  I think that a basic QEMU <br>
> kind of port would fit in 80% target.  I would ultimately like to see a <br>
> progression of edk2 use that starts with QEMU then moves more seamlessly <br>
> to open designs and then proprietary product designs.  MinPlatform <br>
> consistency is hoped to help that developer ramp into system firmware <br>
> productivity.<br>
> <br>
> We have only seen MinPlatform applied to Intel based products so far.<br>
> Which is why we are not rushing to move the spec from a 0.7 <span lang="ZH-CN">
“</span>broad <br>
> feedback<span lang="ZH-CN">”</span> state to a 1.0 <span lang="ZH-CN">“</span>initially complete<span lang="ZH-CN">”</span> state.  Like edk2,
<br>
> MinPlatformPkg and BoardModulePkg content is intended to support <br>
> multiple silicon and product architectures and we will happily promote <br>
> content out of <span lang="ZH-CN">“</span>Intel<span lang="ZH-CN">”</span> scope when that is an accurate reflection of use
<br>
> and not just wishful thinking.  While 100% of uses are Intel scope, it <br>
> makes sense to land in the Intel part of edk2-platforms repo.  Similar <br>
> logic applies to Features/Intel content, though more there may have ties <br>
> to Intel specific product features.<br>
> <br>
> The Minimum Platform Arch spec details base requirements for FV layout <br>
> (thus enabling more common code to publish FV details), base silicon <br>
> policy configuration flow (thus more common PEIM/drivers to gather <br>
> config information and reduce board porting to relatively simple <br>
> libraries), and such things.  By enabling more common PEIM and drivers, <br>
> we hope to see benefits to ease of use and consistent quality. Similar <br>
> approaches for the other elements of the spec should help to improve <br>
> code sharing.<br>
> <br>
> Anyway, yes, it should be able to help you reduce the copies of <span lang="ZH-CN">
“</span>mostly <br>
> common<span lang="ZH-CN">”</span> code that you encountered and the code and spec are open to
<br>
> welcome the additional use and feedback from additional applications.<br>
> <br>
> Regards,<br>
> Isaac<br>
> <br>
> *From:*devel@edk2.groups.io <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> *On Behalf Of *Daniel
<br>
> Schaefer<br>
> *Sent:* Wednesday, May 19, 2021 8:40 PM<br>
> *To:* </span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">;
</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">;
<br>
> </span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">kaaira7319@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">; Ni, Ray <</span><a href="mailto:ray.ni@intel.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ray.ni@intel.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>;
<br>
> </span><a href="mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mikuback@linux.microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><br>
> *Subject:* Re: <span lang="ZH-CN">回复</span>: [edk2-devel] GSoC 2021 Qemu OpenBoardPkg Project<br>
> <br>
> Hi,<br>
> <br>
> that sounds like a great project!<br>
> <br>
> I'm currently trying to create an equivalent of OvmfPkg for the RISCV64 <br>
> generic QEMU virt machine.<br>
> <br>
> I don't like how much of my DSC and FDF file has modules that pretty <br>
> much all platforms should have.<br>
> <br>
> MinPlatform would help reduce that, right?<br>
> <br>
> Is MinPlatform flexible enough to account for non-X64 platforms?<br>
> <br>
> If so, then I think Kaaira and I could collaborate.<br>
> <br>
> Cheers,<br>
> Daniel<br>
> <br>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
> <br>
> *From:*devel@edk2.groups.io <br>
> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io%20%0b"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io<br></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>> on behalf of Michael Kubacki
<br>
> <mikuback@linux.microsoft.com <</span><a href="mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>><br>
> *Sent:* Thursday, May 20, 2021 02:57<br>
> *To:* </span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io%20%0b"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io<br></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>>;
</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn%20%0b"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn<br></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> <</span><a href="mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:gaoliming@byosoft.com.cn</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>>;
</span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">kaaira7319@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><</span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com%20%0b"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">kaaira7319@gmail.com<br></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> <</span><a href="mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:kaaira7319@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>>; 'Ray Ni' <</span><a href="mailto:ray.ni@intel.com%20%0b"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">ray.ni@intel.com<br></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> <</span><a href="mailto:ray.ni@intel.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:ray.ni@intel.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>><br>
> *Subject:* Re: <span lang="ZH-CN">回复</span>: [edk2-devel] GSoC 2021 Qemu OpenBoardPkg Project<br>
> <br>
> I also wanted to add that I will be setting up weekly video calls<br>
> including Ray that we can use to supplement mailing list communication.<br>
> <br>
> I suggest the primary communication mechanism be the mailing list and we<br>
> use those calls for clarification, detailed project planning, and topics<br>
> not directly relevant to the list.<br>
> <br>
> Regards,<br>
> Michael<br>
> <br>
> On 5/19/2021 10:29 AM, Michael Kubacki wrote:<br>
>> Thanks Liming.<br>
>> <br>
>> Hi Kaaira,<br>
>> <br>
>> Welcome! You can contact me at </span><a href="mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mikuback@linux.microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <</span><a href="mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:mikuback@linux.microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>.
 You <br>
> will<br>
>> sometimes see my email as </span><a href="mailto:michael.kubacki@microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">michael.kubacki@microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <</span><a href="mailto:michael.kubacki@microsoft.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:michael.kubacki@microsoft.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>and
<br>
> that is fine<br>
>> to use for communication though I tend to not use it on the mailing list <br>
>> due to way the mail server manipulates plaintext email.<br>
>> <br>
>> GENERIC RESOURCES<br>
>> <br>
>> I'm sharing some general resources in case you are not already familiar <br>
>> with them:<br>
>> <br>
>> 1. </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore-training/Tianocore_Training_Contents/wiki"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore-training/Tianocore_Training_Contents/wiki</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore-training/Tianocore_Training_Contents/wiki"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore-training/Tianocore_Training_Contents/wiki</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> This one is good for topics like UEFI overview, EDK II concepts, and <br>
>> Minimum Platform.<br>
>> <br>
>> In particular for your project, I recommend looking through the <br>
>> MinPlatform training - <br>
>> </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore-training/Presentation_FW/blob/master/FW/Presentations/_D_05_EDK_II_Open_Source_MinPlatform_pres_gp.pdf"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore-training/Presentation_FW/blob/master/FW/Presentations/_D_05_EDK_II_Open_Source_MinPlatform_pres_gp.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore-training/Presentation_FW/blob/master/FW/Presentations/_D_05_EDK_II_Open_Source_MinPlatform_pres_gp.pdf"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore-training/Presentation_FW/blob/master/FW/Presentations/_D_05_EDK_II_Open_Source_MinPlatform_pres_gp.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> <br>
>> 2. <br>
>> </span><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/unified-extensible-firmware-interface.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/unified-extensible-firmware-interface.html</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/unified-extensible-firmware-interface.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/unified-extensible-firmware-interface.html</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> <br>
>> These whitepapers are useful when you need more in depth detail about a <br>
>> particular area (like capsule update or work related to the memory map). <br>
>> I recommend bookmarking it and keeping it in mind as a reference.<br>
>> <br>
>> 3. </span><a href="https://uefi.org/learning_center/presentationsandvideos/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://uefi.org/learning_center/presentationsandvideos/</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://uefi.org/learning_center/presentationsandvideos/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://uefi.org/learning_center/presentationsandvideos/</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> Scroll through here if you have some time and see if there's anything <br>
>> interesting. To help keep on your project schedule I don't think these <br>
>> are as important but there is a lot of interesting material there.<br>
>> <br>
>> Reading through some of the key concepts in Beyond BIOS can be helpful <br>
>> and like the UEFI, ACPI, and PI (Platform Initialization) specs at <br>
>> </span><a href="https://uefi.org/specifications"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://uefi.org/specifications</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <</span><a href="https://uefi.org/specifications"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://uefi.org/specifications</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>,
 I <br>
> believe they are most useful as<br>
>> references when you are solving specific problems.<br>
>> <br>
>> PROJECT-SPECIFIC RESOURCES<br>
>> <br>
>> Since your project involves creating QEMU board within the Minimum <br>
>> Platform architecture, you can start looking into:<br>
>> <br>
>> 1. QEMU - An open source machine emulator<br>
>> 2. Minimum Platform Architecture - A software architecture to create <br>
>> basic platform firmware that can be extended with advanced functionality.<br>
>> 3. Intel FSP - Try to understand the high-level goals and how FSP <br>
>> interfaces with firmware.<br>
>> <br>
>> 1. QEMU - </span><a href="https://www.qemu.org/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://www.qemu.org/</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> 
 <</span><a href="https://www.qemu.org/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://www.qemu.org/</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> Please set up the QEMU environment. Your QemuOpenBoardPkg will need to <br>
>> run on qemu-system-x86_64 at a minimum with a 32-bit PEI and a 64-bit <br>
>> DXE phase. Most real hardware firmwares also use a 32-bit PEI and a <br>
>> 64-bit DXE.<br>
>> <br>
>> I suggest you start with the OvmfPkg README - <br>
>> </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/OvmfPkg/README"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/OvmfPkg/README</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/OvmfPkg/README"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/OvmfPkg/README</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> As an initial step you can try to build an OVMF FW with a 32-bit PEI <br>
>> (IA32) and 64-bit DXE (X64) and boot to the EFI shell. <br>
>> OvmfPkg/OvmfPkgIa32X64.dsc can be used to build a firmware for these <br>
>> target architectures.<br>
>> <br>
>> Any time you submit patches to edk2, you can check edk2/maintainers.txt <br>
>> - </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/Maintainers.txt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/Maintainers.txt</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/Maintainers.txt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2/blob/master/Maintainers.txt</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>for the<br>
>> appropriate maintainers and reviewers to CC on the patch. As you can <br>
>> see, Laszlo and Ard are the maintainers for OvmfPkg and Jordan is a <br>
>> reviewer. If there are any questions that require deep expertise in QEMU <br>
>> or OVMF, we will reach out to them. The Minimum Platform code is <br>
>> maintained in the edk2-platforms repository and it has a similar <br>
>> maintainers.txt file for its packages - <br>
>> </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/blob/master/Maintainers.txt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/blob/master/Maintainers.txt</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/blob/master/Maintainers.txt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/blob/master/Maintainers.txt</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>.<br>
>> <br>
>> I suggest you try sending a very trivial patch for a change in the <br>
>> edk2-platforms repository - </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> to make sure that your git environment is set up properly to format edk2 <br>
>> patches and your email service can send patches correctly.<br>
>> <br>
>> We can discuss the details about how to set up your environment and what <br>
>> to change when you are ready. You can use this page to get started - <br>
>> </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/How-To-Contribute"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/How-To-Contribute</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/How-To-Contribute"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/tianocore.github.io/wiki/How-To-Contribute</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>.<br>
>> <br>
>> 2. EDK II Minimum Platform Specification - <br>
>> </span><a href="https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-minimum-platform-specification/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-minimum-platform-specification/</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> 
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-minimum-platform-specification/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://edk2-docs.gitbook.io/edk-ii-minimum-platform-specification/</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> For your project, this spec will be very useful. It describes why <br>
>> Minimum Platform was created and how it works at a high-level. Like the <br>
>> code, this document is open and available to the community. You might <br>
>> contribute content here in addition to your code. You can fix any bugs <br>
>> or update content in the spec using git patches and the mailing list <br>
>> similar to code.<br>
>> <br>
>> 3. Intel FSP - <br>
>> </span><a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/intelligent-systems/intel-firmware-support-package/intel-fsp-overview.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/intelligent-systems/intel-firmware-support-package/intel-fsp-overview.html</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/intelligent-systems/intel-firmware-support-package/intel-fsp-overview.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/intelligent-systems/intel-firmware-support-package/intel-fsp-overview.html</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>> <br>
>> <br>
>> For more information about Intel FSP check out the Intel FSP External <br>
>> Architecture Specification in the link above. v2.2 is currently the <br>
>> latest version.<br>
>> <br>
>> There is an open source QEMU FSP available here <br>
>> </span><a href="https://github.com/universalpayload/fspsdk/tree/qemu_fsp_x64"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/universalpayload/fspsdk/tree/qemu_fsp_x64</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/universalpayload/fspsdk/tree/qemu_fsp_x64"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/universalpayload/fspsdk/tree/qemu_fsp_x64</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>. You will<br>
>> find the existing Minimum Platform boards use Intel FSP while OvmfPkg <br>
>> does not use FSP.<br>
>> <br>
>> Firmware is really best learned hands on. Using the links and background <br>
>> info above, I suggest:<br>
>> <br>
>> 1. Read the OvmfPkg readme.<br>
>> 2. Build a 32-bit PEI and 64-bit DXE OVMF FW and boot it to EFI shell <br>
>> using QEMU.<br>
>> 3. Reading through the EDK II Minimum Platform Specification to gain a <br>
>> high level understanding of Minimum Platform.<br>
>> 4. Connect what you read to the code in <br>
>> </span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/tree/master/Platform/Intel"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/tree/master/Platform/Intel</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/tree/master/Platform/Intel"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">https://github.com/tianocore/edk2-platforms/tree/master/Platform/Intel</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>.<br>
>> Focus on higher level pieces like the board initialization library.<br>
>> 5. Note what each board package is doing. You will find common patterns <br>
>> for what a board package needs to implement to make the system boot.<br>
>> 6. As you read through the code, reference the general resources listed <br>
>> above to understand anything not Minimum Platform specific. Part of the <br>
>> learning process is knowing which spec to use for different interfaces. <br>
>> If you're unsure which spec something is in, feel free to reach out.<br>
>> 7. While looking through the code in edk2-platforms, think about a patch <br>
>> you can send to edk2-platforms for something very trivial such as a bug <br>
>> fix or documentation update.<br>
>> 8. Send the patch and get it reviewed-by the appropriate <br>
>> maintainers/reviewers and merged into the master branch.<br>
>> 9. Read through the code in OvmfPkg. Try to map the work it is doing to <br>
>> the board code you reviewed in edk2-platforms.<br>
>> 10. At this point, you could start outlining major pieces of <br>
>> initialization in OVMF and how they might map to a board package. Try to <br>
>> identify where the initialization pieces would reside in the board <br>
>> package and try to identify challenges that might arise. We will likely <br>
>> spend quite a bit of time here before jumping into too much code.<br>
>> <br>
>> I know this is a lot of info. Please don't hesitate to reach out if you <br>
>> have any questions and I look forward to working with you.<br>
>> <br>
>> Regards,<br>
>> Michael<br>
>> <br>
>> On 5/18/2021 6:05 PM, gaoliming wrote:<br>
>>> Include Michael Kubacki.<br>
>>><br>
>>> Thanks<br>
>>> Liming<br>
>>>> -----<span lang="ZH-CN">邮件原件</span>-----<br>
>>>> <span lang="ZH-CN">发件人</span>: </span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<br>
> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io%20%0b"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io<br></span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>>
<span lang="ZH-CN">代表</span> KAAIRA<br>
>>>> GUPTA<br>
>>>> <span lang="ZH-CN">发送时间</span>: 2021<span lang="ZH-CN">年</span>5<span lang="ZH-CN">月</span>18<span lang="ZH-CN">日</span> 22:42<br>
>>>> <span lang="ZH-CN">收件人</span>: Ray Ni <ray.ni@intel.com <</span><a href="mailto:ray.ni@intel.com"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:ray.ni@intel.com</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">>>;
<br>
> </span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <</span><a href="mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">mailto:devel@edk2.groups.io</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">><br>
>>>> <span lang="ZH-CN">主题</span>: Re: [edk2-devel] GSoC 2021 Qemu OpenBoardPkg Project<br>
>>>><br>
>>>> On Tue, May 18, 2021 at 08:01:57PM +0530, Kaaira Gupta wrote:<br>
>>>>> Hey everyone,<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> I have been selected as a student developer for the project MinPlatform<br>
>>>>> Qemu OpenBoardPkg under the mentors Ray Ni and Michael Kubacki.<br>
>>>> Thankyou<br>
>>>>> for this opportunity. I have been over the major chapters of Beyond <br>
>>>>> BIOS<br>
>>>>> as recommended by Nate DeSimone. I want to get familiar with the code<br>
>>>>> now to help me undersatnd the community practices and get my hands<br>
>>>>> dirty. Where should I start? What development environment do I need?<br>
>>>>> How can I use this community bonding period to give me a better start<br>
>>>>> for the coding phase?<br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> How do the mentors want me to connect with them? Can we have a meet<br>
>>>> to<br>
>>>>> discuss this project's plan to add more details? This would be very<br>
>>>>> helpful for me considering I don't have prior experience with EDK2.<br>
>>>><br>
>>>> I noticed that the mail-id that I have used of Michael Kubacki doesn't<br>
>>>> exist anymore. Please let me know how I can contact him.<br>
>>>><br>
>>>>><br>
>>>>> Thank you,<br>
>>>>> Kaaira<br>
>>>><br>
>>>> Thanks,<br>
>>>> Kaaira<br>
>>>><br>
>>>><br>
>>>><br>
>>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>><br>
>>> <br>
>>><br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
> <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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