<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html;charset=Big5" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title></title> </head> <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000"> Les Mikesell wrote: <blockquote cite="mid45C97D56.4030304@gmail.com" type="cite">Tim wrote: <blockquote type="cite"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:edwardspl@ita.org.mo:">edwardspl@ita.org.mo:</a> <blockquote type="cite"> <blockquote type="cite">But when user "edward" login to the server by the telnet service, then he can modify the dot file... </blockquote> </blockquote> Sam Varshavchik: <blockquote type="cite">1) No, he can't. Not if the file is owned by root, with no other permissions. </blockquote> The user owns the directory, they can remove files and create new ones. You'd have to do more than change those file's ownership to root, and I'm still not sure whether that'd work in a user's homespace. </blockquote> Make sure every user has a unique group (the default in fedora), then for each home directory: chown root directoryname chmod g+rwx directoryname chmod +t directoryname and chown root directoryname/dotfile_to_protect Now the user can still create new files and delete his own because of the group rwx on the directory. No one else has access because his group is unique. He can't remove files he doesn't own because of the sticky bit (+t) on the directory. So, he can't modify or remove files owned by root. And he can't remove the sticky bit because his home directory is owned by root. </blockquote> Hello to you, 1, The System is FC6. 2, After run "adduser edward" and login with user "edward", then [edward@svr1 ~]$ ls -l -a total 36 drwx------ 3 edward edward 4096 Feb 6 22:51 . drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 6 22:50 .. -rw------- 1 edward edward 67 Feb 7 12:47 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 edward edward 24 Feb 6 22:50 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 edward edward 176 Feb 7 11:57 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 edward edward 124 Feb 6 22:50 .bashrc drwxr-xr-x 3 edward edward 4096 Feb 6 22:50 .kde -rw-r--r-- 1 edward edward 658 Feb 6 22:50 .zshrc [edward@svr1 ~]$ 3, Is it : chown root /home/edward chmod g+rwx ( What number of g+rwx, eg : ?77 ) /home/edward chmod +t ( What number of +t ) /home/edward chown root /home/edward/ All_dot_filenames </body> </html>