<div dir="ltr"><div>My env is a x86-64 thin client with <span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">i3-4010U cpu，an IGD inside, which has HDMI and VGA, two output interfaces.</span> </div><div>My os is ubuntu 18.04, kernel version is 4.15.0, qemu version is 2.11.1.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# lsb_release -a</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">No LSB modules are available.</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Distributor ID: Ubuntu</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Release: 18.04</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Codename: bionic</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# uname -a</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Linux idv 4.15.0-32-generic #35-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 10 17:58:07 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# qemu-system-x86_64 --version</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">QEMU emulator version 2.11.1(Debian 1:2.11+dfsg-1ubuntu7.4)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# dpkg -s seabios | grep Version</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Version: 1.10.2-1ubuntu1</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name' | head -1</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-4010U CPU @ 1.70GHz</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# lspci</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 09)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 09)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series HD Audio Controller (rev 04)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 8 Series LPC Controller (rev 04)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 8 Series SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 8 Series SMBus Controller (rev 04)</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 06)</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><br></div><div>According to article <a href="http://vfio.blogspot.com/2016/07/intel-graphics-assignment.html" style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">http://vfio.blogspot.com/2016/07/intel-graphics-assignment.html</a>, i915 driver and some *fb is disabled in grub and modprobe blacklist: </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# cat /etc/default/grub | grep GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash intel_iommu=on iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci video=vesafb:off vga=normal nofb nomodeset i915.modeset=0"</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-i915.conf</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">install i915 /bin/true</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div>Here "blacklist i915" has been used, but the module still could be loaded. </div><div><div><br></div></div><div><div>When system is rebooted, the ubuntu graphic interface is always available. </div></div><div>Login by ssh, I check it by some commands: </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# cat /proc/cmdline</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-32-generic root=UUID=032d875c-1398-478c-b9b8-4e8a490bcd65 ro quiet splash intel_iommu=on iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci video=vesafb:off vga=normal nofb nomodeset i915.modeset=0 vt.handoff=1</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# lsmod | grep 915</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">usbhid 49152 0</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">parport 49152 3 lp,parport_pc,ppdev</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# lsmod | grep vfio</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">vfio_pci 45056 1</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">vfio_virqfd 16384 1 vfio_pci</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">vfio_iommu_type1 24576 1</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">vfio 28672 5 vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">irqbypass 16384 2 kvm,vfio_pci</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# cat /proc/iomem | grep fb</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">f8000000-fbffffff : PCI MMCONFIG 0000 [bus 00-3f]</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> f8000000-fbffffff : Reserved</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> f8000000-fbffffff : pnp 00:05</span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div>Now I bind IGD to vfio-pci driver <span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">by script：</span><a href="https://github.com/andre-richter/vfio-pci-bind/blob/master/vfio-pci-bind.sh" style="font-family:Monaco;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-size:12px">https://github.com/andre-richter/vfio-pci-bind/blob/master/vfio-pci-bind.sh</a>: </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:Monaco">root@test:~# </span><span style="font-size:14px;color:rgb(4,51,255);font-family:"Courier New"">echo "vfio-pci" > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/driver_override</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~#</span> <span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(4,51,255)">./vfio-pci-bind.sh 0000:00:02.0</span> </div><div><br style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@~:test#</span> <span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(4,51,255)">lspci -s 00:02.0 -v</span> </div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Subsystem: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Memory at b7c00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M]</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> I/O ports at 4000 [size=64]</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> [virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Capabilities: [90] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Capabilities: [a4] PCI Advanced Features</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </span><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(255,38,0)"> Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> Kernel modules: i915</span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>Then I create a windows 7 instance by libvirt, and pass through hostdev IGD to it: </div></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">root@test:~# cat win7.xml</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><domain type='kvm'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <name>win7</name></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <uuid>a6b96841-2f52-4a1d-bed2-8ec9ecc4e6a0</uuid></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <os></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-bionic'>hvm</type></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <boot dev='hd'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </os></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <features></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <acpi/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <apic/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <hyperv></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <relaxed state='on'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <vapic state='on'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <spinlocks state='on' retries='8191'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </hyperv></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <vmport state='off'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </features></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX-IBRS</model></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </cpu></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <clock offset='localtime'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <timer name='hpet' present='no'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </clock></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <pm></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </pm></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <devices></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm-spice</emulator></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <disk type='file' device='disk'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <source file='/home/windows_7_ultimate_with_sp1_x64.qcow2'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </disk></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <master startport='0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <master startport='2'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <master startport='4'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='ide' index='0'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <controller type='scsi' index='0'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </controller></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <serial type='pty'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <target type='isa-serial' port='0'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <model name='isa-serial'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </target></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </serial></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <console type='pty'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <target type='serial' port='0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </console></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <channel type='spicevmc'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </channel></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/></span></div><div><br style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='pci' managed='yes'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <driver name='vfio'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <source></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </source></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <alias name='hostdev0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </hostdev></span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <memballoon model='virtio'></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </memballoon></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"> </devices></span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)"></domain></span></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><div><br></div></div><div>After virsh create command, the instance is running, and the VGA screen turn to black, no output later. </div><div>I repeated these operations, sometimes windows 7 can be seen on the screen successfully, but in most cases there’s only black screens. </div><div><br></div><div>What’s wrong with my operation? </div><div><br></div><div>Below is dmesg DMAR errors： </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.334573] L1TF CPU bug present and SMT on, data leak possible. See CVE-2018-3646 and</span> <a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/l1tf.html" style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/l1tf.html</a> <span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">for details.</span> </div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368066] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368079] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc00000 [fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368149] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368156] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afa80000 [fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368554] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368561] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc00000 [fault reason 12] non-zero reserved fields in PTE</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368566] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368572] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc01000 [fault reason 12] non-zero reserved fields in PTE</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368576] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368582] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc03000 [fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368587] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368592] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc04000 [fault reason 12] non-zero reserved fields in PTE</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368597] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 2</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368602] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc05000 [fault reason 12] non-zero reserved fields in PTE</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368607] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368612] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc07000 [fault reason 12] non-zero reserved fields in PTE</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368621] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368626] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc08000 [fault reason 06] PTE Read access is not set</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368631] DMAR: DRHD: handling fault status reg 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.368636] DMAR: [DMA Read] Request device [00:02.0] fault addr afc09000 [fault reason 12] non-zero reserved fields in PTE</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 117.410215] random: crng init done</span></div><div><span style="font-family:Monaco;font-size:12px;color:rgb(51,51,51)">[ 119.105305] vfio-pci 0000:00:02.0: ready 1123ms after FLR</span></div></div>