[dm-devel] [PATCH v4] dm ebs: new block size emulating target

Heinz Mauelshagen heinzm at redhat.com
Tue Mar 10 12:39:09 UTC 2020


On 3/9/20 11:44 PM, Damien Le Moal wrote:
> On 2020/03/10 7:26, heinzm at redhat.com wrote:
>> From: Heinz Mauelshagen <heinzm at redhat.com>
>>
>> dm ebs: new block size emulating target
>>
>> This new target is similar to the linear target except that it emulates
>> a smaller logical block size on devices with larger ones.  It's main
>> purpose is to emulate 512 byte sectors on 4K native disks (i.e. 512e).
>>
>> See Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst for details.
>>
>> Changes versus version 3 sent on 2/19/2020:
>>
>> - document 'struct ebs_c' and rename its blocksize and block shift fields
>> - inline functions (e.g. __nr_blocks())
>> - adjust __ebs_rw_bvec() function header format
>> - access page_address() after bv_page check; typo
>> - avoid superfluous check defining bi_status in __ebs_process_bios()
>> - correct indentation
>> - avoid op_is_flush() causing REQ_FUA bios to be
>>    remapped hence not processed by the target
>> - call flush_dcache_page() correlated with memcpy() to ensure
>>    D-cache aliasing as of cache and TLB flushing guidelines
>> - comments
> Generally, the change log is not added as part of the commit message and
> mentioned after the "---" and all change logs "from v1", "from v2" etc kept so
> that everybody can see the progression.


As of the kernel patch submission guidelines it should be part of:

'Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. “make xyzzy do frotz” 
instead of “[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz” or “[I] changed xyzzy to 
do frotz”, as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change its 
behaviour.'

The limitation to the v3 -> v4 changes was negotiated with Mike.
I'll keep it as is until further decision.


>> Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <DamienLeMoal at wdc.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Heinz Mauelshagen <heinzm at redhat.com>
>> ---
>>   .../admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst      |  51 ++
>>   drivers/md/Kconfig                            |   8 +
>>   drivers/md/Makefile                           |   2 +
>>   drivers/md/dm-ebs-target.c                    | 439 ++++++++++++++++++
>>   4 files changed, 500 insertions(+)
>>   create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst
>>   create mode 100644 drivers/md/dm-ebs-target.c
>>
>> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..9e7abd3e0ae1
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-ebs.rst
>> @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
>> +======
>> +dm-ebs
>> +======
>> +
>> +
>> +This target is similar to the linear target, except that it emulates
>> +a smaller logical block size on devices with larger ones.  Its main
>> +purpose is to provide emulation of 512 byte sectors on devices
>> +that do not provide this emulation (i.e. 4K native disks).
>> +
>> +Supported emulated logical block sizes 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.
> Nit: there is no verb in this sentence.


Nit: colon missing ;)

Thanks,
Heinz


>
>> +
>> +Underlying block size can be set to > 4K to test buffering larger units.
>> +
>> +
>> +Table parameters
>> +----------------
>> +  <dev path> <offset> <emulated sectors> [<underlying sectors>]
>> +
>> +Mandatory parameters:
>> +
>> +    <dev path>:
>> +        Full pathname to the underlying block-device,
>> +        or a "major:minor" device-number.
>> +    <offset>:
>> +        Starting sector within the device;
>> +        has to be a multiple of <emulated sectors>.
>> +    <emulated sectors>:
>> +        Number of sectors defining the logical block size to be emulated;
>> +        1, 2, 4, 8 sectors of 512 bytes supported.
>> +
>> +Optional parameter:
>> +
>> +    <underyling sectors>:
>> +        Number of sectors defining the logical block size of <dev path>.
>> +        2^N supported, e.g. 8 = emulate 8 sectors of 512 bytes = 4KiB.
>> +        If not provided, the logical block size of <dev path> will be used.
>> +
>> +
>> +Examples:
>> +
>> +Emulate 1 sector = 512 bytes logical block size on /dev/sda starting at
>> +offset 1024 sectors with underlying devices block size automatically set:
>> +
>> +ebs /dev/sda 1024 1
>> +
>> +Emulate 2 sector = 1KiB logical block size on /dev/sda starting at
>> +offset 128 sectors, enforce 2KiB underlying device block size.
>> +This presumes 2KiB logical blocksize on /dev/sda or less to work:
>> +
>> +ebs /dev/sda 128 2 4
>> diff --git a/drivers/md/Kconfig b/drivers/md/Kconfig
>> index d6d5ab23c088..392974a2999d 100644
>> --- a/drivers/md/Kconfig
>> +++ b/drivers/md/Kconfig
>> @@ -336,6 +336,14 @@ config DM_WRITECACHE
>>   	   The writecache target doesn't cache reads because reads are supposed
>>   	   to be cached in standard RAM.
>>   
>> +config DM_EBS
>> +       tristate "Emulated block size target (EXPERIMENTAL)"
>> +       depends on BLK_DEV_DM
>> +       default n
>> +       ---help---
>> +	 dm-ebs emulates smaller logical block size on backing devices
>> +	 with larger ones (e.g. 512 byte sectors on 4K native disks).
>> +
>>   config DM_ERA
>>          tristate "Era target (EXPERIMENTAL)"
>>          depends on BLK_DEV_DM
>> diff --git a/drivers/md/Makefile b/drivers/md/Makefile
>> index d91a7edcd2ab..9a2d673f94bc 100644
>> --- a/drivers/md/Makefile
>> +++ b/drivers/md/Makefile
>> @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ dm-thin-pool-y	+= dm-thin.o dm-thin-metadata.o
>>   dm-cache-y	+= dm-cache-target.o dm-cache-metadata.o dm-cache-policy.o \
>>   		    dm-cache-background-tracker.o
>>   dm-cache-smq-y   += dm-cache-policy-smq.o
>> +dm-ebs-y	+= dm-ebs-target.o
>>   dm-era-y	+= dm-era-target.o
>>   dm-clone-y	+= dm-clone-target.o dm-clone-metadata.o
>>   dm-verity-y	+= dm-verity-target.o
>> @@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING)	+= dm-thin-pool.o
>>   obj-$(CONFIG_DM_VERITY)		+= dm-verity.o
>>   obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CACHE)		+= dm-cache.o
>>   obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CACHE_SMQ)	+= dm-cache-smq.o
>> +obj-$(CONFIG_DM_EBS)		+= dm-ebs.o
>>   obj-$(CONFIG_DM_ERA)		+= dm-era.o
>>   obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CLONE)		+= dm-clone.o
>>   obj-$(CONFIG_DM_LOG_WRITES)	+= dm-log-writes.o
>> diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-ebs-target.c b/drivers/md/dm-ebs-target.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 000000000000..023354210dd2
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/drivers/md/dm-ebs-target.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
>> +/*
>> + * Copyright (C) 2020 Red Hat GmbH
>> + *
>> + * This file is released under the GPL.
> Please us a SPDX header on top of the file instead of this sentence.
> E.g.
>
> // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>
> as the file first line.
>
>> + *
>> + * Device-mapper target to emulate smaller logical block
>> + * size on backing devices exposing (natively) larger ones.
>> + *
>> + * E.g. 512 byte sector emulation on 4K native disks.
>> + */
>> +
>> +#include "dm.h"
>> +#include <linux/module.h>
>> +#include <linux/workqueue.h>
>> +#include <linux/dm-bufio.h>
>> +
>> +#define DM_MSG_PREFIX "ebs"
>> +
>> +static void ebs_dtr(struct dm_target *ti);
>> +
>> +/* Emulated block size context. */
>> +struct ebs_c {
>> +	struct dm_dev *dev;		/* Underlying device to emulate block size on. */
>> +	struct dm_bufio_client *bufio;	/* Use dm-bufio for read and read-modify-write processing. */
>> +	struct workqueue_struct *wq;	/* Workqueue for ^ processing of bios. */
>> +	struct work_struct ws;		/* Work item used for ^. */
>> +	struct bio_list bios_in;	/* Worker bios input list. */
>> +	spinlock_t lock;		/* Guard bios input list above. */
>> +	sector_t start;			/* <start> table line argument, see ebs_ctr below. */
>> +	unsigned int e_bs;		/* Emulated block size in sectors exposed to upper layer. */
>> +	unsigned int u_bs;		/* Underlying block size in sectors retrievd from/set on lower layer device. */
>> +	unsigned char block_shift;	/* bitshift sectors -> blocks used in dm-bufio API. */
>> +	bool u_bs_set:1;		/* Flag to indicate underlying block size is set on table line. */
>> +};
>> +
>> +static inline sector_t __sector_to_block(struct ebs_c *ec, sector_t sector)
>> +{
>> +	return sector >> ec->block_shift;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline sector_t __block_mod(sector_t sector, unsigned int bs)
>> +{
>> +	return sector & (bs - 1);
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Return number of blocks for a bio accounting for misalignement of start and end sectors. */
>> +static inline unsigned int __nr_blocks(struct ebs_c *ec, struct bio *bio)
>> +{
>> +	sector_t end_sector = __block_mod(bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, ec->u_bs) + bio_sectors(bio);
>> +
>> +	return __sector_to_block(ec, end_sector) + (__block_mod(end_sector, ec->u_bs) ? 1 : 0);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static inline bool __ebs_check_bs(unsigned int bs)
>> +{
>> +	return bs && is_power_of_2(bs);
>> +}
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * READ/WRITE:
>> + *
>> + * copy blocks between bufio blocks and bio vector's (partial/overlapping) pages.
>> + */
>> +static int __ebs_rw_bvec(struct ebs_c *ec, int rw, struct bio_vec *bv, struct bvec_iter *iter)
>> +{
>> +	int r = 0;
>> +	unsigned char *ba, *pa;
>> +	unsigned int cur_len;
>> +	unsigned int bv_len = bv->bv_len;
>> +	unsigned int buf_off = to_bytes(__block_mod(iter->bi_sector, ec->u_bs));
>> +	sector_t block = __sector_to_block(ec, iter->bi_sector);
>> +	struct dm_buffer *b;
>> +
>> +	if (unlikely(!bv->bv_page || !bv_len))
>> +		return -EIO;
>> +
>> +	pa = page_address(bv->bv_page) + bv->bv_offset;
>> +
>> +	/* Handle overlapping page <-> blocks */
>> +	while (bv_len) {
>> +		cur_len = min(dm_bufio_get_block_size(ec->bufio) - buf_off, bv_len);
>> +
>> +		/* Avoid reading for writes in case bio vector's page overwrites block completely. */
>> +		if (rw == READ || buf_off || bv_len < dm_bufio_get_block_size(ec->bufio))
>> +			ba = dm_bufio_read(ec->bufio, block, &b);
>> +		else
>> +			ba = dm_bufio_new(ec->bufio, block, &b);
>> +
>> +		if (unlikely(IS_ERR(ba)))
>> +			r = PTR_ERR(ba); /* Carry on with next buffer if any to I/O all possible data but return error. */
>> +		else {
>> +			/* Copy data to/from bio to buffer if read/new was successful above. */
>> +			ba += buf_off;
>> +			if (rw == READ) {
>> +				memcpy(pa, ba, cur_len);
>> +				flush_dcache_page(bv->bv_page);
>> +			} else {
>> +				flush_dcache_page(bv->bv_page);
>> +				memcpy(ba, pa, cur_len);
>> +				dm_bufio_mark_partial_buffer_dirty(b, buf_off, buf_off + cur_len);
>> +			}
>> +
>> +			dm_bufio_release(b);
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		pa += cur_len;
>> +		bv_len -= cur_len;
>> +		buf_off = 0;
>> +		block++;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	return r;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* READ/WRITE: iterate bio vector's copying between (partial) pages and bufio blocks. */
>> +static int __ebs_rw_bio(struct ebs_c *ec, int rw, struct bio *bio)
>> +{
>> +	int r = 0, rr;
>> +	struct bio_vec bv;
>> +	struct bvec_iter iter;
>> +
>> +	bio_for_each_bvec(bv, bio, iter) {
>> +		rr = __ebs_rw_bvec(ec, rw, &bv, &iter);
>> +		if (rr)
>> +			r = rr;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	return r;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* 'Discard' blocks, i.e. release them from the bufio cache. */
>> +static int __ebs_forget_bio(struct ebs_c *ec, struct bio *bio)
>> +{
>> +	sector_t blocks, sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;;
>> +
>> +	blocks = __nr_blocks(ec, bio);
>> +	for (; blocks--; sector += ec->u_bs)
>> +		dm_bufio_forget(ec->bufio, __sector_to_block(ec, sector));
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/* Worker funtion to process incoming bios. */
>> +static void __ebs_process_bios(struct work_struct *ws)
>> +{
>> +	int r;
>> +	bool write = false;
>> +	sector_t block1, block2;
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = container_of(ws, struct ebs_c, ws);
>> +	struct bio *bio;
>> +	struct bio_list bios;
>> +
>> +	bio_list_init(&bios);
>> +
>> +	spin_lock_irq(&ec->lock);
>> +	bios = ec->bios_in;
>> +	bio_list_init(&ec->bios_in);
>> +	spin_unlock_irq(&ec->lock);
>> +
>> +	/* Prefetch all read and any mis-aligned write buffers */
>> +	bio_list_for_each(bio, &bios) {
>> +		block1 = __sector_to_block(ec, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
>> +		if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_READ)
>> +			dm_bufio_prefetch(ec->bufio, block1, __nr_blocks(ec, bio));
>> +		else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE && !(bio->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH)) {
>> +			block2 = __sector_to_block(ec, bio_end_sector(bio));
>> +			if (__block_mod(bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, ec->u_bs))
>> +				dm_bufio_prefetch(ec->bufio, block1, 1);
>> +			if (__block_mod(bio_end_sector(bio), ec->u_bs) && block2 != block1)
>> +				dm_bufio_prefetch(ec->bufio, block2, 1);
>> +		}
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	bio_list_for_each(bio, &bios) {
>> +		r = -EIO;
>> +
>> +		if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_READ)
>> +			r = __ebs_rw_bio(ec, READ, bio);
>> +		else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE) {
>> +			write = true;
>> +			r = __ebs_rw_bio(ec, WRITE, bio);
>> +		} else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD)
>> +			/* FIXME: (optionally) call dm_bufio_discard_buffers() once upstream. */
>> +			r = __ebs_forget_bio(ec, bio);
>> +
>> +		bio->bi_status = r;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * We write dirty buffers after processing I/O on them
>> +	 * but before we endio thus addressing REQ_FUA/REQ_SYNC.
>> +	 */
>> +	r = write ? dm_bufio_write_dirty_buffers(ec->bufio) : 0;
>> +
>> +	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bios))) {
>> +		/* Any other request is endioed. */
>> +		if (unlikely(r && bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE))
>> +			bio_io_error(bio);
>> +		else
>> +			bio_endio(bio);
>> +	}
>> +}
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Construct an emulated block size mapping: <dev_path> <offset> <ebs> [<ubs>]
>> + *
>> + * <dev_path>: path of the underlying device
>> + * <offset>: offset in 512 bytes sectors into <dev_path>
>> + * <ebs>: emulated block size in units of 512 bytes exposed to the upper layer
>> + * [<ubs>]: underlying block size in units of 512 bytes imposed on the lower layer;
>> + * 	    optional, if not supplied, retrieve logical block size from underlying device
>> + */
>> +static int ebs_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned int argc, char **argv)
>> +{
>> +	int r;
>> +	unsigned short tmp1;
>> +	unsigned long long tmp;
>> +	char dummy;
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec;
>> +
>> +	if (argc < 3 || argc > 4) {
>> +		ti->error = "Invalid argument count";
>> +		return -EINVAL;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	ec = ti->private = kzalloc(sizeof(*ec), GFP_KERNEL);
>> +	if (!ec) {
>> +		ti->error = "Cannot allocate ebs context";
>> +		return -ENOMEM;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	r = -EINVAL;
>> +	if (sscanf(argv[1], "%llu%c", &tmp, &dummy) != 1 ||
>> +	    tmp != (sector_t)tmp ||
>> +	    (sector_t)tmp >= ti->len) {
>> +		ti->error = "Invalid device offset sector";
>> +		goto bad;
>> +	}
>> +	ec->start = tmp;
>> +
>> +	if (sscanf(argv[2], "%hu%c", &tmp1, &dummy) != 1 ||
>> +	    !__ebs_check_bs(tmp1) ||
>> +	    to_bytes(tmp1) > PAGE_SIZE) {
>> +		ti->error = "Invalid emulated block size";
>> +		goto bad;
>> +	}
>> +	ec->e_bs = tmp1;
>> +
>> +	if (argc > 3) {
>> +		if (sscanf(argv[3], "%hu%c", &tmp1, &dummy) != 1 || !__ebs_check_bs(tmp1)) {
>> +			ti->error = "Invalid underlying block size";
>> +			goto bad;
>> +		}
>> +		ec->u_bs = tmp1;
>> +		ec->u_bs_set = true;
>> +	} else
>> +		ec->u_bs_set = false;
>> +
>> +	r = dm_get_device(ti, argv[0], dm_table_get_mode(ti->table), &ec->dev);
>> +	if (r) {
>> +		ti->error = "Device lookup failed";
>> +		ec->dev = NULL;
>> +		goto bad;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	r = -EINVAL;
>> +	if (!ec->u_bs_set) {
>> +		ec->u_bs = to_sector(bdev_logical_block_size(ec->dev->bdev));
>> +		if (!__ebs_check_bs(ec->u_bs)) {
>> +			ti->error = "Invalid retrieved underlying block size";
>> +			goto bad;
>> +		}
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	if (!ec->u_bs_set && ec->e_bs == ec->u_bs)
>> +		DMINFO("Emulation superfluous: emulated equal to underlying block size");
>> +
>> +	if (__block_mod(ec->start, ec->u_bs)) {
>> +		ti->error = "Device offset must be multiple of underlying block size";
>> +		goto bad;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	ec->bufio = dm_bufio_client_create(ec->dev->bdev, to_bytes(ec->u_bs), 1, 0, NULL, NULL);
>> +	if (IS_ERR(ec->bufio)) {
>> +		ti->error = "Cannot create dm bufio client";
>> +		r = PTR_ERR(ec->bufio);
>> +		ec->bufio = NULL;
>> +		goto bad;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	ec->wq = alloc_ordered_workqueue("dm-" DM_MSG_PREFIX, WQ_MEM_RECLAIM);
>> +	if (!ec->wq) {
>> +		ti->error = "Cannot create dm-" DM_MSG_PREFIX " workqueue";
>> +		r = -ENOMEM;
>> +		goto bad;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	ec->block_shift = __ffs(ec->u_bs);
>> +	INIT_WORK(&ec->ws, &__ebs_process_bios);
>> +	bio_list_init(&ec->bios_in);
>> +	spin_lock_init(&ec->lock);
>> +
>> +	ti->num_flush_bios = 1;
>> +	ti->num_discard_bios = 1;
>> +	ti->num_secure_erase_bios = 0;
>> +	ti->num_write_same_bios = 0;
>> +	ti->num_write_zeroes_bios = 0;
>> +	return 0;
>> +bad:
>> +	ebs_dtr(ti);
>> +	return r;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void ebs_dtr(struct dm_target *ti)
>> +{
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = ti->private;
>> +
>> +	if (ec->wq)
>> +		destroy_workqueue(ec->wq);
>> +	if (ec->bufio)
>> +		dm_bufio_client_destroy(ec->bufio);
>> +	if (ec->dev)
>> +		dm_put_device(ti, ec->dev);
>> +	kfree(ec);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ebs_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio)
>> +{
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = ti->private;
>> +
>> +	bio_set_dev(bio, ec->dev->bdev);
>> +	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = ec->start + dm_target_offset(ti, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
>> +
>> +	if (unlikely(bio->bi_opf & REQ_OP_FLUSH))
>> +		return DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED;
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Only queue for bufio processing in case of partial or overlapping buffers
>> +	 * -or-
>> +	 * emulation with ebs == ubs aiming for tests of dm-bufio overhead.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (likely(__block_mod(bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, ec->u_bs) ||
>> +		   __block_mod(bio_end_sector(bio), ec->u_bs) ||
>> +		   ec->e_bs == ec->u_bs)) {
>> +		spin_lock_irq(&ec->lock);
>> +		bio_list_add(&ec->bios_in, bio);
>> +		spin_unlock_irq(&ec->lock);
>> +
>> +		queue_work(ec->wq, &ec->ws);
>> +
>> +		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	/* Forget any buffer content relative to this direct backing device I/O. */
>> +	__ebs_forget_bio(ec, bio);
>> +
>> +	return DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void ebs_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
>> +		       unsigned status_flags, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
>> +{
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = ti->private;
>> +
>> +	switch (type) {
>> +	case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
>> +		*result = '\0';
>> +		break;
>> +	case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
>> +		snprintf(result, maxlen, ec->u_bs_set ? "%s %llu %u %u" : "%s %llu %u",
>> +			 ec->dev->name, (unsigned long long) ec->start, ec->e_bs, ec->u_bs);
>> +		break;
>> +	}
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ebs_prepare_ioctl(struct dm_target *ti, struct block_device **bdev)
>> +{
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = ti->private;
>> +	struct dm_dev *dev = ec->dev;
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Only pass ioctls through if the device sizes match exactly.
>> +	 */
>> +	*bdev = dev->bdev;
>> +	return !!(ec->start || ti->len != i_size_read(dev->bdev->bd_inode) >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void ebs_io_hints(struct dm_target *ti, struct queue_limits *limits)
>> +{
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = ti->private;
>> +
>> +	limits->logical_block_size = to_bytes(ec->e_bs);
>> +	limits->physical_block_size = to_bytes(ec->u_bs);
>> +	limits->alignment_offset = limits->physical_block_size;
>> +	blk_limits_io_min(limits, limits->logical_block_size);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static int ebs_iterate_devices(struct dm_target *ti,
>> +				  iterate_devices_callout_fn fn, void *data)
>> +{
>> +	struct ebs_c *ec = ti->private;
>> +
>> +	return fn(ti, ec->dev, ec->start, ti->len, data);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static struct target_type ebs_target = {
>> +	.name		 = "ebs",
>> +	.version	 = {1, 0, 0},
>> +	.features	 = DM_TARGET_PASSES_INTEGRITY,
>> +	.module		 = THIS_MODULE,
>> +	.ctr		 = ebs_ctr,
>> +	.dtr		 = ebs_dtr,
>> +	.map		 = ebs_map,
>> +	.status		 = ebs_status,
>> +	.io_hints	 = ebs_io_hints,
>> +	.prepare_ioctl	 = ebs_prepare_ioctl,
>> +	.iterate_devices = ebs_iterate_devices,
>> +};
>> +
>> +int __init dm_ebs_init(void)
>> +{
>> +	int r = dm_register_target(&ebs_target);
>> +
>> +	if (r < 0)
>> +		DMERR("register failed %d", r);
>> +
>> +	return r;
>> +}
>> +
>> +void dm_ebs_exit(void)
>> +{
>> +	dm_unregister_target(&ebs_target);
>> +}
>> +
>> +module_init(dm_ebs_init);
>> +module_exit(dm_ebs_exit);
>> +
>> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Heinz Mauelshagen <dm-devel at redhat.com>");
>> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " emulated block size target");
>> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
>>




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