jargon-buster/en jargon-buster.xml, NONE, 1.1 jargon-buster-en.xml, 1.3, NONE rpm-info-en.xml, 1.4, NONE
Paul W. Frields (pfrields)
fedora-docs-commits at redhat.com
Fri Feb 17 22:59:47 UTC 2006
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Author: pfrields
Update of /cvs/docs/jargon-buster/en
In directory cvs-int.fedora.redhat.com:/tmp/cvs-serv24029/en
Added Files:
jargon-buster.xml
Removed Files:
jargon-buster-en.xml rpm-info-en.xml
Log Message:
Move doc structure to NWO
--- NEW FILE jargon-buster.xml ---
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN SYSTEM "../../docs-common/common/fedora-entities-en.ent">
%FEDORA-ENTITIES-EN;
<!ENTITY DOCNAME "jargon-buster">
<!ENTITY DOCVERSION "1.9.5.3">
<!ENTITY DOCDATE "2006-02-12">
<!ENTITY DOCID "&DOCNAME;-&DOCVERSION; (&DOCDATE;)">
]>
<article lang="en">
<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
href="fdp-info.xml" />
<para>
This document clarifies some of the terms used on various lists, web
pages, and IRC, when talking about &FED;. Many thanks to the people
on the fedora-list and at &RH; for their input. If you cannot find
a term in this document that you think should appear here, use the
bug reporting information below to notify the maintainers.
</para>
&BUG-REPORTING;
<glossary id="fedora-glossary">
<title>Glossary</title>
<glossdiv>
<title>Jargon Buster</title>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-a11y">
<glossterm>a11y</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "accessibility," frequently used in
programming to avoid unnecessary typing and misspelling.
Accessibility is the provision of services for impaired
users, such as text-to-speech translation for the visually
impaired. The <literal>11</literal> derives from the eleven
letters between the beginning <literal>a</literal> and the
ending <literal>y</literal>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-alsa">
<glossterm>ALSA</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) provides audio
and MIDI functionality to the Linux operating system. Refer
to <ulink url="http://www.alsa-project.org/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-anaconda">
<glossterm>Anaconda</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<application>Anaconda</application> is the installation
program for &FC;. During installation,
<application>Anaconda</application> identifies and
configures the system's hardware, and creates appropriate
file systems. <application>Anaconda</application> also
allows the user to install the operating system software on
the system. Optionally, it upgrades existing &RHL; or &FED;
installations. <application>Anaconda</application> runs in a
fully interactive text or graphical mode, or in a
<firstterm>kickstart</firstterm> mode, which allows the
owner or administrator to automate installation for
unattended operation. Refer to <ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/anaconda-installer/"/>
for more information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-apt">
<glossterm>apt</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>apt</command> (Advanced Package Tool) utility
is a dependency tool developed for use with Debian Linux
<firstterm>dpkg</firstterm> packages. The
<command>apt-rpm</command> utility extends
<command>apt</command> for use with RPM packages. Since
<command>apt</command> has specific problems with
<firstterm>multilib</firstterm>, however, it is not
recommended for use with &FED; systems. Use <xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> instead.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-atrpms">
<glossterm>ATrpms</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
ATrpms a third party RPM repository for &FED;
distributions. The original focus for ATrpms was software
used in natural sciences, especially in the field of high
energy physics. The repository included tools for use in
numerical programming and scientific publications. But since
then this repository has included many non-scientific
software titles, like system tools or multimedia packages,
resulting in a far more generic repository. Refer to <ulink
url="http://atrpms.physik.fu-berlin.de/"/> for more
information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-bittorrent">
<glossterm>BitTorrent</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<application>BitTorrent</application> is a peer-to-peer
file sharing which downloads from multiple channels at
once. Refer to <ulink
url="http://bitconjurer.org/BitTorrent/"/> for more
information.
</para>
<para>
Use <application>BitTorrent</application> to download &FC;
by downloading and opening a torrent file. The official
&FC; torrent tracker is located at <ulink
url="http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/"/>. Download a
torrent file there to begin downloading a release of &FC;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-bluecurve">
<glossterm>Bluecurve</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<trademark>Bluecurve</trademark> is a theme which unifies
the look and feel of the &FED; desktop. Bluecurve was
introduced in &RHL; 9 and was used as the default for &FC;
through release 3. Bluecurve was replaced in &FC; 4 by
<xref linkend="gl-jb-clearlooks"/>. Bluecurve included
icons and settings for the menu and layout of the desktop.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-bugzilla">
<glossterm>&BZ;</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
&BZ; is an online database for recording flaws, or
<firstterm>bugs</firstterm>, in &FED; software,
documentation, and other projects. &BZ; also tracks bugs in
&RH; software. When you encounter a problem with &FED;, you
can help the community fix the problem by making a record in
&BZ;. This procedure is called "entering a bug." For more
information about &BZ;, refer to &BZ-URL;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-cjk">
<glossterm>CJK</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "Chinese, Japanese and Korean," East
Asian languages which require the use of an <xref
linkend="gl-jb-input-method"/> platform due to the large number
of possible typographic characters.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-iiimf"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-clearlooks">
<glossterm>Clearlooks</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Clearlooks is the default theme for a GNOME desktop
environment in &FC; 4. The Clearlooks design is based on
the original <xref linkend="gl-jb-bluecurve"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-core">
<glossterm>Core</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Core is a numbered release of a subset of &FED; software,
and is usually called "&FC;." Core packages are maintained
mainly by employees of &RH;, and are made up of free and
open source software produced by the Linux community.
</para>
<para>
Although the software in &FC; is updated regularly, the
original release of &FC; does not change. For this reason,
when users discuss the state of their &FED; system software,
they might refer to "&FC; plus updates." When you request
help from the community, this terminology is the most
accurate. However, many users simply call the updated
system "&FC;."
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-cpu">
<glossterm>CPU</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Central Processing Unit, or <acronym>CPU</acronym>, is
the "brain" of a computer. The rest of the computer is
organized around the CPU, so people often refer to computer
systems by the type of processor inside. Examples of CPUs
include Pentium-4, Athlon64, and PowerPC.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>cron</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>cron</command> system executes automatic jobs
on behalf of the system or an individual user on a schedule.
An example of a system <command>cron</command> job might
include running <xref linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> nightly to update
the system.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>CUPS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Common UNIX Printing System, or <acronym>CUPS</acronym>,
is a cross-platform printing solution for all UNIX-type
environments, including Linux and Macintosh OS X. It is
based on the Internet Printing Protocol and provides
complete printing services to most printers. CUPS drivers
are available at <ulink url="http://www.cups.org/windows/"/>
which allow Windows systems to use printers shared from
Linux systems. Refer to <ulink url="http://www.cups.org/"/>
for more information about CUPS.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>Desktop Switcher</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>Desktop Switcher</application> tool allows
a user to convert the &FED; desktop between <xref
linkend="gl-jb-gnome"/> and <xref linkend="gl-jb-kde"/>. To
run the <application>Desktop Switcher</application> tool
from the Main Menu, select
<menuchoice><guimenu>Desktop</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>More
Preferences</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Desktop
Switcher</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. If you do not see this
item in your menu, you may not have the
<filename>switchdesk-gui</filename> package installed. Refer
to &FDPDOCS-URL; to learn how to use <xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> to install software packages.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-eth0">
<glossterm>eth0</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <systemitem>eth0</systemitem> name represents the first
discovered <xref linkend="gl-jb-ethernet"/> interface in a
&FED; system. If your &FED; system has more than one such
interface, the others will be numbered
<systemitem>eth1</systemitem>,
<systemitem>eth2</systemitem>, and so on.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ethernet">
<glossterm>Ethernet</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Ethernet is the most common type of network technology for
small computer networks.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ethtool">
<glossterm>ethtool</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>ethtool</command> utility is a Linux network
driver diagnostic and tuning tool for a Linux 2.4 or later
<xref linkend="gl-jb-kernel"/>. The
<command>ethtool</command> utility obtains information and
diagnostics related to media, link status, driver version,
bus location, and more.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ext3">
<glossterm>ext3</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <systemitem>ext3</systemitem> file system is a method of
organizing data on storage devices. It is based on the
older but still vital <systemitem>ext2</systemitem> Linux
file system. Most users do not need to understand file
system internals because Linux translates this system into
understandable concepts such as files and folders. Refer to
<ulink url="http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/"/>, however,
for more information on <systemitem>ext2</systemitem> and
<systemitem>ext3</systemitem>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-faq">
<glossterm>FAQ</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A <acronym>FAQ</acronym> is a list of Frequently Asked
Questions. Refer to <ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/about/faq/"/> for a FAQ about
the &FP;. Refer to <ulink
url="http://fedorafaq.org/"/> for a FAQ about using &FED;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fdl">
<glossterm>FDL</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GNU Free Documentation License (<acronym>FDL</acronym>)
is a means of ensuring freedom for program documentation.
The &FDP; uses the FDL for its official documentation. In
fact, this document is licensed through the FDL. As is the
case with all freedoms, the FDL carries both rights and
responsibilities. You have the right to modify and
redistribute FDL materials, or create other works based on
them. You then have the responsibility of licensing any
such material under the FDL as well. In this fashion the
FDL guarantees that documentation cannot be made less free
by a recipient.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fhs">
<glossterm>FHS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The File Hierarchy Standard, or <acronym>FHS</acronym>, is a
collaborative document that defines the names and locations
of many files and directories on a Linux system. The FHS
also sets standards for the types of files that should
inhabit specific system directories. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/> for more information
about the FHS.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-freshrpms">
<glossterm>FreshRPMS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A third-party repository of <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/>
software packages. FreshRPMS is soon to be subsumed into
the larger RPMForge repository. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.freshrpms.net/"/> for more information.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fsck">
<glossterm>fsck</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>fsck</command> utility is a command line tool
used to check and repair file systems. It is normally used
with Linux file systems such as <xref
linkend="gl-jb-ext3"/>, but also has the ability to make
repairs on some Windows file systems.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-fsh">
<glossterm>fsh</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Remote command execution via a cryptographically strong
method such as <command>lsh</command> or
<command>ssh</command> is often slow, especially if either
of the involved computers is slow. The process is slow
because the client and the server must perform a series of
complex calculations during connection establishment.
</para>
<para>
The <command>fsh</command> utility uses
<command>lsh</command> or <command>ssh</command> to
establish a secure tunnel to the remote system. This process
takes as long as a normal connection establishment. Once
the tunnel is established, however, <command>fsh</command>
reuses it to start new sessions on the remote system almost
instantaneously. With this process, <command>fsh</command>
combines the security of ssh and the speed of rsh.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gimp">
<glossterm>GIMP</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. The GIMP is
graphics software suitable for such tasks as photo
retouching, image composition and image authoring. The GIMP
will read and write graphics files in a variety of formats,
including JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF. It will also import some
proprietary image formats from other graphics programs.
Refer to <ulink url="http://www.gimp.org/"/> for more
information about the GIMP.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-glibc">
<glossterm>glibc</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GNU C library, or <systemitem>glibc</systemitem>, is
used as the C library in &FED;. Most software programs for
your &FED; system rely on <systemitem>glibc</systemitem> for
basic common functions. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html"/> for more
information about <systemitem>glibc</systemitem>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gnome">
<glossterm>GNOME</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>GNOME</acronym> is the short name for the GNOME
Desktop, a product of the GNOME Project. GNOME is a
complete, free and easy-to-use desktop environment for
UNIX-like operating systems such as &FED;. It is also a
powerful application development framework for software
developers. GNOME provides a complete set of human
interface guidelines, which means that GNOME strives to have
a consistent look and feel for all its applications. Read
more about GNOME at <ulink url="http://www.gnome.org/"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gnu">
<glossterm>GNU</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>GNU</acronym> is an acronym that stands for "GNU's
Not UNIX," and is pronounced "guh-NOO." GNU was originally
intended to be a complete UNIX-like operating system. It
has become a broader term describing free software licensed
under the <xref linkend="gl-jb-gpl"/>. Because the <xref
linkend="gl-jb-kernel"/> and much of the other software in a
Linux system are licensed under the <xref
linkend="gl-jb-gpl"/>, many people call that system
GNU/Linux.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gnupg">
<glossterm>GnuPG (GPG)</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
GnuPG, the GNU Privacy Guard, is a complete and free
replacement for PGP, Pretty Good Privacy. GnuPG software
allows you to digitally sign or encrypt data using public
key encryption methods. GnuPG is OpenPGP compliant, so data
signed or encrypted by GnuPG can be exchanged with almost
any computer user. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.gnupg.org/"/> for more information about
GPG.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-gpl">
<glossterm>GPL</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The GNU General Public Licence, or <acronym>GPL</acronym>,
is a software license designed to preserve users' rights to
share and modify software. The GPL does this by restricting
anyone from denying you those rights. Use of software is
usually subject to the terms under which it is licensed.
Many software licenses restrict you from copying, sharing,
or even examining the software they cover. The terms of the
GPL, however, allow you very broad rights to share, modify,
and redistribute software. In return the GPL requires you
to give others those rights if you share the results. The
GPL encourages software programmers to learn and contribute
to each other's work. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.fsf.org/licenses/licenses/gpl.html"/> for
more information about the GPL. For a <xref
linkend="gl-jb-faq"/> about the GPL, refer to <ulink
url="http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-faq.html"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-grub">
<glossterm>GRUB</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <xref linkend="gl-jb-gnu"/> GRand Unified Boot Loader,
or <acronym>GRUB</acronym>, is a program which enables the
user to select an operating system or kernel to boot. It
also allows the user to pass arguments to the kernel. Refer
to <ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"/> for more
information about GRUB.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-i18n">
<glossterm>i18n</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "internationalization," frequently used
in programming to avoid unnecessary typing and misspellings.
Internationalization is the provision of multiple
translations for messages that applications produce. The
<literal>18</literal> derives from the eighteen (18) letters
between the beginning <literal>i</literal> and the ending
<literal>n</literal>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-l10n"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-i386">
<glossterm>i386</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The entire set of computer processors that are compatible
with the Intel x86 platform, including Intel Pentium and
Celeron, AMD Athlon and Duron, and VIA C3 <xref
linkend="gl-jb-cpu"/>s, are commonly referred to as
<systemitem>i386</systemitem>. The
<systemitem>i386</systemitem> term is often used as
shorthand for the distribution set of files meant for this
line of computers or processors.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-iiimf">
<glossterm>IIIMF</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Intranet/Internet Input Method Framework, or
<acronym>IIIMF</acronym>, is an <xref
linkend="gl-jb-input-method"/> framework for handling languages
such as <xref linkend="gl-jb-cjk"/>, which will not map readily
to a standard keyboard device. IIIMF works by loading
language engines dynamically at runtime as they are
requested by clients.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-im">
<glossterm>IM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Instant messaging, or <acronym>IM</acronym>, is a real-time,
text-based form of communication. You can use IM to have
conversations with individuals or groups. America Online, an
Internet service provider, popularized IM in the 1990's, but
many other providers such as Yahoo and Google offer similar
services. &FED; has programs such as
<application>gaim</application> that allow you to use IM to
communicate with other Internet users.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-inkscape">
<glossterm>Inkscape</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Inkscape is a vector graphics illustration program. It uses
SVG as the default file format. For more information about
Inkscape, refer to <ulink url="http://www.inkscape.org/"/>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-sodipodi"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-input-method">
<glossterm>Input method</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A method used to enter text other than selecting each
character directly on a keyboard or other input
hardware. Input methods are widely used for entering
ideographs and other characters phonetically or by
component, such as in Esat Asian languages. &FC; uses the
<xref linkend="gl-jb-iiimf"/> platform by default, but also
offers other platforms such as <xref linkend="gl-jb-scim"/>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-cjk"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-irc">
<glossterm>IRC</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Internet Relay Chat, or <acronym>IRC</acronym>, is a
real-time, text-based form of communication. You can use
IRC to have conversations with individuals or groups. IRC
is very similar to <xref linkend="gl-jb-im"/>, and offers
many of the same capabilities, but predates IM by many
years.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-iso">
<glossterm>ISO</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>ISO</acronym> is an acronym that stands for
International Standards Organization. It is also used as an
abbreviation for the ISO-9660 format of a standard data
CD-ROM. &FED; offers installation CDs for &FC; as
downloadable files on the Internet, in the form of CD image
files sometimes called ISO files. These files can be burned
directly to CD media using a CD-Recordable drive, and the
resulting CD will contain all the files on the original &FC;
media.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kde">
<glossterm>KDE</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
KDE is a free and open desktop environment for UNIX-like
operating systems such as &FED;. KDE also offers a complete
development framework for writing graphical applications, as
well as an office application suite. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.kde.org/whatiskde/"/> for more information
about KDE.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kernel">
<glossterm>kernel</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A kernel is the core of an operating system, responsible for
managing memory and conducting hardware operations. The
Linux kernel used in &FED; is free and open source software,
originally written by Linus Torvalds. Many computer
scientists and programmers from around the world now
contribute to its development.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kickstart">
<glossterm>kickstart</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Many system administrators prefer to use an automated
installation method to install &FED; on their machines. With
kickstart, a system administrator can create a single file
containing answers to all the questions asked during a &FED;
installation. Refer to <ulink
url="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda"/> for more
information about kickstart.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-kudzu">
<glossterm>kudzu</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>kudzu</command> utility usually runs at boot
time. The <command>kudzu</command> utility detects changes
in the system's hardware configuration, and configures the
devices for use with &FED; software. Refer to <ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/projects/additional-projects/kudzu/"/>
for more information about <command>kudzu</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-l10n">
<glossterm>l10n</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
An abbreviation for "localization," frequently used in
programming to avoid unnecessary typing and misspelling.
Localization is the provision of nation-specific settings
for the representation of numbers, dates, currency, and
other customary symbols. The <literal>10</literal> derives
from the ten letters between the beginning
<literal>l</literal> and the ending <literal>n</literal>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-i18n"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-ldap">
<glossterm>LDAP</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, or
<acronym>LDAP</acronym>, is a standard for hierarchically
organizing and accessing collections of information. This
information may be practically anything, but LDAP is most
often used to collect information about organizations,
including personnel and resource information. &FED;
includes support for OpenLDAP, which is a free and open
source implementation of LDAP. For more information about
OpenLDAP, refer to <ulink url="http://www.openldap.org/"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-lilo">
<glossterm>LILO</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The LInux LOader, or <acronym>LILO</acronym>, is a basic
system program which boots your Linux system. LILO loads the
Linux kernel from a floppy or a hard drive, boots the kernel
and passes control of the system to the kernel. LILO can
also boot other operating systems. LILO has been superseded
by <xref linkend="gl-jb-grub"/> in &FED;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-lsb">
<glossterm>LSB</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Linux Standard Base, or <acronym>LSB</acronym>, is a
project that develops and promotes a set of standards to
increase compatibility among Linux distributions. For more
information about LSB, refer to <ulink
url="http://www.linuxbase.org/"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-lspci">
<glossterm>lspci</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>lspci</command> utility displays information
about all PCI buses in the system and all devices connected
to them. It is frequently used to diagnose problems with
hardware recognition or driver compatibility.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-md5sum">
<glossterm>md5sum</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>md5sum</command> utility computes a 128-bit
message digest hash value for any specified files. A hash
value is a "fingerprint" for a given file, created by a
computation that makes it very unlikely that any two files
will create the same hash value.
</para>
<para>
To download an MD5 hash program for Windows operating
systems, refer to <ulink
url="http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-memtest86">
<glossterm>memtest86</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The &FC; Installation CD 1 includes a memory testing utility
called <command>memtest86</command>. To perform memory
testing before you install Fedora Core, or to diagnose a RAM
problem, enter <command>memtest86</command> at the
<prompt>boot:</prompt> prompt. The tests continue until you
press the <keycap>Esc</keycap> key.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-mirror">
<glossterm>mirror</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A mirror is a complete copy of an online resource. System
administrators of computers connected to the Internet often
create and provide mirrors for public use. If a resource
has one or more mirrors, many more users can access its
content without overloading the original resource.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-mount">
<glossterm>mount</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
To use a disk device such as a CD, USB drive, or floppy
diskette, you must first <command>mount</command> it. &FED;
uses a single unified file system for all attached devices.
Windows systems, on the other hand, use a "drive letter" for
each disk device, such as <systemitem>A:</systemitem> or
<systemitem>C:</systemitem>. When you
<command>mount</command> a disk device, its file system
becomes part of the unified file system on &FED;. The
device is mounted on a <firstterm>mount point</firstterm>,
which is a directory that points to that device, such as
<filename>/media/floppy</filename>. You must also unmount
the file system before you eject or remove the disk, to
insure all file information is safely written to the device.
</para>
<para>
Since these functions are often handled through
user-friendly helpers, you may perform all mounting,
unmounting, and file browsing through the graphical desktop
interface. For instance, if you use the <xref
linkend="gl-jb-gnome"/> Desktop, the <xref
linkend="gl-jb-nautilus"/> file management utility makes it
easy to perform these tasks.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-mozilla">
<glossterm>Mozilla</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Mozilla Project produces several user applications such
as the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird email client.
These programs are designed for standards compliance,
performance and portability. For more information about
Mozilla software, refer to <ulink
url="http://www.mozilla.org/"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-nautilus">
<glossterm>Nautilus</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <xref linkend="gl-jb-gnome"/> desktop environment
includes a file manager called Nautilus which provides a
graphical display of your system and personal files.
Nautilus also allows you to configure your desktop and
&FED;, browse your photo collection, access your network
resources, and more, all from an integrated interface. In
essence, Nautilus becomes a shell for your entire desktop
experience. <remark role="FIXME">Insert link to Nautilus
resource here.</remark>
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-package">
<glossterm>package</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Users often refer to a <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/> file as a
<firstterm>package</firstterm>.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-rpm"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-pine">
<glossterm>Pine</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>Pine</acronym>, short for a Program for Internet
News and Email, is a tool for reading, sending, and managing
electronic messages. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.washington.edu/pine/"/> for more information
about <command>Pine</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rawhide">
<glossterm>Rawhide</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Rawhide is a package repository which contains the latest
development versions of packages which will eventually be
included in &FED;. These latest versions are sometimes
called "bleeding edge" <xref
linkend="gl-jb-package"/>, since they often
include new and untested technology. You should consider
the Rawhide repository "unstable," since any Rawhide package
<emphasis>might</emphasis> be badly broken if the
programmers are trying to add, change, or test features. If
you want to develop programs for &FED;, you may want to
install a system from Rawhide. If you only want to use a
stable &FED; system, you should use the standard &FC;
distribution instead.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rhel">
<glossterm>RHEL</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or <acronym>&RHEL;</acronym>, is
the premiere operating system for open source computing.
&RHEL; runs on many system architectures, is certified by
top enterprise software and hardware vendors, and is backed
by a &RHN; subscription and up to 24x7 support with one-hour
response. Refer to <ulink
url="http://www.redhat.com/software/rhel/"/> for more
information about &RHEL;.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rhgb">
<glossterm>rhgb</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
&RH; Graphical Boot, or
<application><acronym>rhgb</acronym></application>, is an
optional component of the boot process. The
<application>rhgb</application> application produces a boot
screen with a progress bar and fewer technical messages.
The <application>rhgb</application> application allows you
to click a link to see the technical boot messages if
desired. Systems that have been upgraded from &RHL; to &FC;
are not configured to include
<application>rhgb</application>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rhn-applet">
<glossterm>RHN Applet</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>rhn-applet</application> utility was
originally designed for use with &RHEL; and Red Hat Network.
It provides a notification and user interface for system
updates using <xref linkend="gl-jb-up2date"/>. It allows
the user to retrieve and install system updates, but this
usage is no longer recommended. Users should use <xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> for system updates instead.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rpm">
<glossterm>RPM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<acronym>RPM</acronym> stands for RPM Package Manager. RPM
is a robust database system for maintaining software on
&FED; systems. Software packaged for &FED; is distributed
in special package files called RPM files, or RPMs. System
owners use the <command>rpm</command> utility to query the
RPM database for information about installed software.
Although some administrators use <command>rpm</command> to
install, update, and remove software, it is recommended that
you use <command>yum</command> for these purposes.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-rsync">
<glossterm>rsync</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>rsync</command> provides fast incremental file
transfers. Administrators frequently use
<command>rsync</command> to create a <xref
linkend="gl-jb-mirror"/> of an online resource. Refer to
<ulink url="http://samba.anu.edu.au/rsync/"/> for more
information about <command>rsync</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-scim">
<glossterm>SCIM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Smart Common Input Method platform, or
<acronym>SCIM</acronym>, is a C++ library that abstracts
input method interface into simple, independent classes.
It provides a higher level and simpler interface than some
other input method platforms.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-input-method"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-selinux">
<glossterm>SELinux</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
SELinux is a set of extensions to the Linux <xref
linkend="gl-jb-kernel"/> that provide extremely strong
security. SELinux is based on role definitions, and allows
very granular control over access to system resources based
on those roles. These security measures limit the risk
associated with computer intrusions by unauthorized persons.
For more information about SELinux, refer to <ulink
url="http://www.nsa.gov/selinux/"/> and <ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/selinux-faq"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-sha1sum">
<glossterm>sha1sum</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>sha1sum</command> utility computes a 160-bit
message digest hash value for any specified files. A hash
value is a "fingerprint" for a given file, created by a
computation that makes it very unlikely that any two files
will create the same hash value.
</para>
<para>
Download mirrors for &FC; <xref linkend="gl-jb-iso"/> image
files also include a related SHA1SUMS file which contains the
hash values for the <xref linkend="gl-jb-iso"/> files. Run
<command>sha1sum</command> against the downloaded files to
verify the hash value. If a file's hash value does not
match, you should not use that file to burn a CD. Try
downloading the file again.
</para>
<para>
To download an SHA-1 hash program for Windows operating
systems, refer to <ulink
url="http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/"/>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-sodipodi">
<glossterm>Sodipodi</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Sodipodi is a vector graphics illustration application. It
uses W3C SVG as its default format. Refer to <ulink
url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/sodipodi/"/> for more
information.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-inkscape"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-srpm">
<glossterm>SRPM</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
A source <xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/>, or
<acronym>SRPM</acronym>, contains the source code for a
<xref linkend="gl-jb-rpm"/> package. If you want to read or
modify a program's source, use its SRPM. You do not need any
SRPMs to install or use software.
</para>
<glossseealso otherterm="gl-jb-rpm"/>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-system-config-packages">
<glossterm>system-config-packages</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>system-config-packages</application>
utility is a package installation for new &FC; systems which
have no software updates installed yet. Since most
administrators and users update their system software
regularly, <application>system-config-packages</application>
is not often used. Users should instead use the <xref
linkend="gl-jb-yum"/> utility to install new software.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-up2date">
<glossterm>up2date</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <application>up2date</application> application is a
complete system for managing and updating software on &RHEL;
and &FED; systems. It has both command line and gui
modes. The <application>up2date</application> application is
no longer recommended for software management, since it has
been superseded by <command>yum</command>. Refer to <ulink
url="http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/yum/"/> for more
information on managing software on your &FED; system.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-vino">
<glossterm>vino</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The <command>vino</command> utility is a variant of <xref
linkend="gl-jb-vnc"/> used in &FC; 4 and beyond.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-vnc">
<glossterm>VNC</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
<application>VNC</application> stands for Virtual Network
Computing. It is remote control software which allows you to
view and interact with another computer over the network.
Refer to <ulink url="http://www.realvnc.com/"/> for more
information about VNC.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-xfs">
<glossterm>XFS</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
XFS is a journalling filesystem developed by SGI and used in
SGI's IRIX operating system. It is also available for &FED;
systems.. It is extremely scalable and has a journalling
capability to protect against corruption. Refer to <ulink
url="http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/faq.html#whatisxfs"/>
for more information about XFS.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry>
<glossterm>X Window System</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The X Window System, or simply "X," is the underlying
technology for GNOME, KDE, and other graphical environments
used in &FED;. X is a network-based system for displaying
and communicating graphical input and output. It is very
flexible and is suitable for a wide variety of
configurations such as remote desktops and thin-client
applications.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-xen">
<glossterm>Xen</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
Xen is an open source virtual machine monitor for Intel x86
machines which supports concurrent execution of multiple
guest operating systems. Using Xen, an administrator can
set up many virtual machines running on a single physical
computer. Any single virtual machine, while executing,
performs nearly as well as the physical system without Xen.
Xen may be used for testing software, providing large-scale
web hosting on limited hardware, any many other
applications.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
<glossentry id="gl-jb-yum">
<glossterm>yum</glossterm>
<glossdef>
<para>
The Yellow Dog Updater, or <acronym>yum</acronym>, is a
complete software management utility for RPM-based systems
such as &FED;. It automatically determines software
requirements, or <firstterm>dependencies</firstterm>, and
uses this data to install, update, or remove packages.
Refer to <ulink
url="http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/"/> for more
information about <command>yum</command>.
</para>
</glossdef>
</glossentry>
</glossdiv>
</glossary>
</article>
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