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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>虛​擬​化​指​南​</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="./Common_Content/css/default.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="publican"/><meta name="package" content=""/><meta name="description" content="Fedora 12 虛​擬​化​指​南​包​含​了​使​用​於 Fedora 12 中​的​虛​擬​化​技​術​之​安​裝​、​配​置​、​管​理​、​提​示​、​技​巧​，以​及​疑​難​排​解​的​相​關​資​訊​。​"/></head><body class=""><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="book" title="虛​擬​化​指​南​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div class="producttitle"><span class="productname">Fedora</span> <span class="productnumber">12</span></div><div><h1 id="d0e1" class="title">虛​擬​化​指​南​</h1></div><div><h2 class="subtitle">Fedora 上​的​虛​擬​化​定​義​指​南​</h2></div><p clas
 s="edition">版 1</p><div><h3 class="corpauthor">
				<span class="inlinemediaobject"><object data="Common_Content/images/title_logo.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> 商​標​</object></span>
			</h3></div><div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="authorgroup"><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Christoph</span> <span class="surname">Curran</span></h3><code class="email"><a class="email" href="mailto:ccurran at redhat.com">ccurran at redhat.com</a></code></div></div></div><hr/><div><div id="d0e27" class="legalnotice"><h1 class="legalnotice">法律聲明</h1><div class="para">
		Copyright <span class="trademark"/>© 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
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		The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/</a>. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version.
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	</div></div></div><div><div class="abstract" title="摘要"><h6>摘要</h6><div class="para">Fedora 12 虛​擬​化​指​南​包​含​了​使​用​於 Fedora 12
中​的​虛​擬​化​技​術​之​安​裝​、​配​置​、​管​理​、​提​示​、​技​巧​，以​及​疑​難​排​解​的​相​關​資​訊​。​</div></div></div></div><hr/></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#pref-Virtualization_Guide-Preface">序​言​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-About_this_book">1. 關​於​本​指​南​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e92">2. 文​件​常​規​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e102">2.1. 排​字​上​的​常​規​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e318">2.2. 引​述​常​規​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e337">2.3. 註​解​和​警​告​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#d0e357">3. 我們需要您的意見！</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt
 ><span class="part"><a href="#part-Virtualization_Guide-Installation">I. Installation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages">1. 安​裝​虛​擬​化​套​件​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_with_a_new_Fedora_installation">1.1. 安​裝 Fedora 時​安​裝 KVM</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system">1.2. 在​一​部​現​有​的 Fedora 系​統​上​安​裝 KVM 套​件​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview">2. 虛​擬​化​客​座​端​安​裝​總​覽​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Vi
 rtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Creating_guests_with_virt_install">2.1. 透​過 virt-install 來​建​立​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Creating_guests_with_virt_manager">2.2. 透​過 virt-manager 來​建​立​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Installing_guests_with_PXE">2.3. 使​用 PXE 來​安​裝​客​座​端​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Guest_operating_system_installation_procedures">3. 客​座​端​作​業​系​統​的​安​裝​程​序​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_5_as_a_para_virtualized_guest">3.1. å°‡ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝​ç
 ‚ºâ€‹åŠâ€‹è™›â€‹æ“¬â€‹åŒ–​的​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.2. å°‡ Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝​為​完​整​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Windows_XP_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.3. 安​裝 Windows XP 客​座​端​為​完​整​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Windows_Server_2003_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.4. 安​裝 Windows Server 2003 為​完​整​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Windows_Server_2008_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.5. 安​裝 Windows Server 2008 為​完​整​的​虛​擬​化​
 客​座​端​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Virtualization_Guide-Configuration">II. Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_block_devices">4. 虛​擬​化​的​區​塊​裝​置​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_block_devices-Creating_a_virtualized_floppy_disk_controller">4.1. 建​立​虛​擬​化​軟​碟​控​制​器​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_block_devices-Adding_storage_devices_to_guests">4.2. 在​客​座​端​上​新​增​儲​存​裝​置​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_block_devices-Configuring_persistent_storage">4.3. 配​置​持​續​性​儲​存​裝​置​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#
 sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_block_devices-Add_a_virtualized_CD_ROM_or_DVD_device_to_a_guest">4.4. 新​增​虛​擬​化​的 CD-ROM 或 DVD 裝​置​至​客​座​端​上​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Shared_storage_and_virtualization">5. 共​享​儲​存​裝​置​和​虛​擬​化​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Shared_storage_and_virtualization-Using_iSCSI_for_storing_guests">5.1. 使​用 iSCSI 來​儲​存​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Shared_storage_and_virtualization-Using_NFS_for_storing_guests">5.2. 使​用 NFS 來​儲​存​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Shared_storage_and_virtualization-Using_GFS2_for_storing_guests">5.3. 使​用 GFS2 來​儲​存​客​座​端â€
 ‹</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Server_best_practices">6. 良​好​的​伺​服​器​使​用​習​慣​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Security_for_virtualization">7. 虛​擬​化​的​安​全​性​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Security_for_virtualization-SELinux_and_virtualization">7.1. SELinux 和​虛​擬​化​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Security_for_virtualization-SELinux_considerations">7.2. SELinux 上​的​考​量​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Network_Configuration">8. 網​路​設​定​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Network_Configuration-Network_address_translation_NAT_with_libvirt">8.1. 使​用 libvirt ä
 ¾†â€‹é€²â€‹è¡Œâ€‹ç¶²â€‹è·¯â€‹ä½â€‹å€â€‹è½‰â€‹è­¯â€‹</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Network_Configuration-Bridged_networking_with_libvirt">8.2. 透​過 libvirt 來​進​行​橋​接​網​路​作​業​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_Para_virtualized_Drivers">9. KVM 半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_Para_virtualized_Drivers-Installing_the_KVM_Windows_para_virtualized_drivers">9.1. 安​裝 KVM Windows 半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Virtualization_Guide-Administration">III. Administration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_xend">10. 使​用 <code class="systemitem">xend</code> 來​管​理â
 €‹å®¢â€‹åº§â€‹ç«¯â€‹</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_guest_timing_management">11. KVM 客​座​端​時​間​管​理​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_live_migration">12. KVM 即​時​遷​移​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_live_migration-Live_migration_requirements">12.1. 即​時​遷​移​需​求​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_live_migration-Share_storage_example_NFS_for_a_simple_migration">12.2. 共​享​儲​存​裝​置​範​例​：用​來​進​行​基​本​遷​移​的 NFS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-KVM_live_migration-Live_KVM_migration_with_virsh">12.3. 以 virsh 來​進​行​即​時 KVM 遷​移​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Vi
 rtualization_Guide-KVM_live_migration-Migrating_with_virt_manager">12.4. 以 virt-manager 來​進​行​遷​移​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Remote_management_of_virtualized_guests">13. 虛​擬​化​客​座​端​的​遠​端​管​理​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Remote_management_of_virtualized_guests-Remote_management_with_SSH">13.1. 透​過​使​用 SSH 來​進​行​遠​端​管​理​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Remote_management_of_virtualized_guests-Remote_management_over_TLS_and_SSL">13.2. 透​過​使​用 TLS 與 SSL 來​進​行​遠​端​管​理​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Remote_management_of_virtualized_guests-Transport_modes">13.3. 傳​輸​模​式​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><
 span class="part"><a href="#part-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualization_Reference_Guide">IV. 虛​擬​化​參​考​指​南​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualization_tools">14. 虛​擬​化​工​具​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_virsh">15. 透​過 virsh 來​管​理​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager">16. 使​用​虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​（Virtual Machine Manager，virt-manager）來​管​理​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-The_open_connection_window">16.1. 開​放​連​線​視​窗​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href=
 "#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-The_Virtual_Machine_Manager_main_window">16.2. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​的​主​視​窗​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-The_Virtual_Machine_Manager_details_window_">16.3. 虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​的​詳​情​視​窗 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Virtual_Machine_graphical_console_">16.4. 虛​擬​主​機​圖​形​主​控​台 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Starting_virt_manager">16.5. Starting virt-manager</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_gu
 ests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Restoring_a_saved_machine_">16.6. 復​原​已​儲​存​的​機​器 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Displaying_guest_details">16.7. 顯​示​客​座​端​詳​細​資​訊​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Status_monitoring">16.8. 狀​態​監​控​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Displaying_guest_identifiers">16.9. 顯​示​客​座​端​的​標​識​符​號​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Displaying_a_guests_status_">16.10. 顯​示​客​座​端​ç
 š„​狀​態 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Displaying_virtual_CPUs_">16.11. 顯​示​虛​擬 CPU </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Displaying_CPU_usage">16.12. 顯​示 CPU 使​用​率​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Displaying_memory_usage_">16.13. 顯​示​記​憶​體​使​用​率 </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Managing_a_virtual_network">16.14. 管​理​虛​擬​網​路​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Managing_guests_with_the_Virtual_Machine_Manager_virt_manager-Crea
 ting_a_virtual_network">16.15. 建​立​一​個​虛​擬​網​路​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_Tricks">V. Tips and Tricks</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks">17. 提​示​和​技​巧​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Automatically_starting_guests">17.1. 自​動​啟​動​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Changing_between_the_KVM_and_Xen_hypervisors">17.2. 在 KVM 與 Xen hypervisor 之​間​互​換​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Changing_between_the_KVM_and_Xen_hypervisors-Xen_to_KVM">17.2.1. 從 Xen 到 KVM</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Changing_between_the_
 KVM_and_Xen_hypervisors-KVM_to_Xen">17.2.2. 從 KVM 到 Xen</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Using_qemu_img">17.3. 使​用 qemu-img</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Overcommitting_with_KVM">17.4. 在 KVM 中​超​量​使​用​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Modifying_etcgrub.conf">17.5. 修​改 <code class="filename">/etc/grub.conf</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Verifying_virtualization_extensions">17.6. 驗​證​虛​擬​化​延​伸​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Identifying_guest_type_and_implementation">17.7. 辨​識​客​座​端​類​型​與​實​做​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtua
 lization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Generating_a_new_unique_MAC_address">17.8. 產​生​一​個​新​的​獨​特 MAC 位​址​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Very_Secure_ftpd">17.9. 非​常​安​全​的 <code class="systemitem">ftpd</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Configuring_LUN_Persistence">17.10. 配​置 LUN 的​持​續​性​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Disable_SMART_disk_monitoring_for_guests">17.11. 停​用​客​座​端​的 SMART 磁​碟​監​控​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Cloning_guest_configuration_files">17.12. 複​製​客​座​端​配​置​檔​案​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Tips_and_tricks-Duplicating_
 an_existing_guest_and_its_configuration_file">17.13. 複​製​一​個​現​有​的​客​座​端​以​及​它​的​配​置​檔​案​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Creating_custom_libvirt_scripts">18. 建​立​自​訂​化​的 libvirt script</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Creating_custom_libvirt_scripts-Using_XML_configuration_files_with_virsh">18.1. 搭​配​使​用 virsh 與 XML 配​置​檔​案​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="#part-Virtualization_Guide-Troubleshooting">VI. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Troubleshooting">19. Troubleshooting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Troubleshooting-Loop_device_errors">19.1. Loop 裝​置​錯​誤​</a></span></dt><dt
 ><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Troubleshooting-Enabling_Intel_VT_and_AMD_V_virtualization_hardware_extensions_in_BIOS">19.2. 在 BIOS 中​啟​用 Intel VT 和 AMD-V 虛​擬​化​硬​體​延​伸​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appe-Virtualization_Guide-Additional_resources">A. 額​外​資​源​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Additional_resources-Online_resources">A.1. 線​上​資​源​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Additional_resources-Installed_documentation">A.2. 已​安​裝​的​文​件​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appe-Virtualization_Guide-Revision_History">B. 修​訂​紀​錄​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#appe-Virtualization_Guide-Colophon">C. 版​權​說​明​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="
 glossary"><a href="#d0e8684">小辭彙</a></span></dt></dl></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="preface" title="序​言​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="pref-Virtualization_Guide-Preface" class="title">序​言​</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
		本​書​為 Fedora 12 虛​擬​化​指​南​。​本​指​南​包​含​了 Fedora 12 中​各​項​虛​擬​化​產​品​的​使​用​與​管​理​資​訊​。​
	</div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="section" title="1. 關​於​本​指​南​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="sect-Virtualization_Guide-About_this_book">1. 關​於​本​指​南​</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
		本​指​南​分​成​七​個​部​份​： 
		<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					系​統​需​求​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Installation
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Configuration
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Administration
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					參​照​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Tips and Tricks
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Troubleshooting
				</div></li></ul></div>
	</div></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="section" title="2. 文​件​常​規​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="d0e92">2. 文​件​常​規​</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
		本​指​南​使​用​了​幾​種​常​規​來​強​調​特​定​文​字​與​詞​組​並​著​重​於​特​定​的​資​訊​。​
	</div><div class="para">
		在 PDF 和​書​面​版​本​中​，本​指​南​使​用​了​來​自​於 <a href="https://fedorahosted.org/liberation-fonts/">Liberation Fonts</a> 字​體​組​的 typefaces。​倘​若 Liberation Fonts 字​體​已​安​裝​在​您​系​統​上​的​話​，該​字​體​也​會​被​使​用​於 HTML 版​本​中​。​若​是​沒​有​的​話​，其​它​相​等​的 typefaces 便​會​被​顯​示​。​請​注​意​：就​預​設​值​來​講​，Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5（與​更​新​版​本​）已​包​含​了 Liberation Fonts 字​體​。​
	</div><div class="section" title="2.1. 排​字​上​的​常​規​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="d0e102">2.1. 排​字​上​的​常​規​</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
			有​四​種​被​用​來​強​調​特​定​文​字​與​詞​組​的​排​字​常​規​。​這​些​常​規​以​及​它​們​所​適​用​於​的​情​況​如​下​。​
		</div><div class="para">
			<code class="literal">固​定​粗​體​字​型​（Mono-spaced Bold）</code>
		</div><div class="para">
			用​來​強​調​系​統​輸​入​，包​括 shell 指​令​、​檔​案​名​稱​與​路​徑​。​同​時​也​被​使​用​來​強​調 key caps 與​按​鍵​組​合​。​例​如​：
		</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
				To see the contents of the file <code class="filename">my_next_bestselling_novel</code> in your current working directory, enter the <code class="command">cat my_next_bestselling_novel</code> command at the shell prompt and press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> to execute the command.
			</div></blockquote></div><div class="para">
			The above includes a file name, a shell command and a key cap, all presented in Mono-spaced Bold and all distinguishable thanks to context.
		</div><div class="para">
			Key-combinations can be distinguished from key caps by the hyphen connecting each part of a key-combination. For example:
		</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
				Press <span class="keycap"><strong>Enter</strong></span> to execute the command.
			</div><div class="para">
				Press <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F1</strong></span> to switch to the first virtual terminal. Press <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span class="keycap"><strong>F7</strong></span> to return to your X-Windows session.
			</div></blockquote></div><div class="para">
			The first sentence highlights the particular key cap to press. The second highlights two sets of three key caps, each set pressed simultaneously.
		</div><div class="para">
			If source code is discussed, class names, methods, functions, variable names and returned values mentioned within a paragraph will be presented as above, in <code class="literal">Mono-spaced Bold</code>. For example:
		</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
				File-related classes include <code class="classname">filesystem</code> for file systems, <code class="classname">file</code> for files, and <code class="classname">dir</code> for directories. Each class has its own associated set of permissions.
			</div></blockquote></div><div class="para">
			<span class="application"><strong>Proportional Bold</strong></span>
		</div><div class="para">
			This denotes words or phrases encountered on a system, including application names; dialogue box text; labelled buttons; check-box and radio button labels; menu titles and sub-menu titles. For example:
		</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
				Choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>System > Preferences > Mouse</strong></span> from the main menu bar to launch <span class="application"><strong>Mouse Preferences</strong></span>. In the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Buttons</strong></span> tab, click the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Left-handed mouse</strong></span> check box and click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Close</strong></span> to switch the primary mouse button from the left to the right (making the mouse suitable for use in the left hand).
			</div><div class="para">
				To insert a special character into a <span class="application"><strong>gedit</strong></span> file, choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>Applications > Accessories > Character Map</strong></span> from the main menu bar. Next, choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>Search > Find…</strong></span> from the <span class="application"><strong>Character Map</strong></span> menu bar, type the name of the character in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Search</strong></span> field and click <span class="guibutton"><strong>Next</strong></span>. The character you sought will be highlighted in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Character Table</strong></span>. Double-click this highlighted character to place it in the <span class="guilabel"><strong>Text to copy</strong></span> field and then click the <span class="guibutton"><strong>Copy</strong></span> button. Now switch back to your document and choose <span class="guimenu"><strong>Edit > Paste</strong></span> from the <
 span class="application"><strong>gedit</strong></span> menu bar.
			</div></blockquote></div><div class="para">
			The above text includes application names; system-wide menu names and items; application-specific menu names; and buttons and text found within a GUI interface, all presented in Proportional Bold and all distinguishable by context.
		</div><div class="para">
			Note the <span class="guimenu"><strong> ></strong></span> shorthand used to indicate traversal through a menu and its sub-menus. This is to avoid the difficult-to-follow 'Select <span class="guimenuitem"><strong>Mouse</strong></span> from the <span class="guimenu"><strong>Preferences</strong></span> sub-menu in the <span class="guimenu"><strong>System</strong></span> menu of the main menu bar' approach.
		</div><div class="para">
			<code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>Mono-spaced Bold Italic</code></em></code> or <span class="application"><strong><em class="replaceable"><code>Proportional Bold Italic</code></em></strong></span>
		</div><div class="para">
			Whether Mono-spaced Bold or Proportional Bold, the addition of Italics indicates replaceable or variable text. Italics denotes text you do not input literally or displayed text that changes depending on circumstance. For example:
		</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
				To connect to a remote machine using ssh, type <code class="command">ssh <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em>@<em class="replaceable"><code>domain.name</code></em></code> at a shell prompt. If the remote machine is <code class="filename">example.com</code> and your username on that machine is john, type <code class="command">ssh john at example.com</code>.
			</div><div class="para">
				The <code class="command">mount -o remount <em class="replaceable"><code>file-system</code></em></code> command remounts the named file system. For example, to remount the <code class="filename">/home</code> file system, the command is <code class="command">mount -o remount /home</code>.
			</div><div class="para">
				To see the version of a currently installed package, use the <code class="command">rpm -q <em class="replaceable"><code>package</code></em></code> command. It will return a result as follows: <code class="command"><em class="replaceable"><code>package-version-release</code></em></code>.
			</div></blockquote></div><div class="para">
			Note the words in bold italics above — username, domain.name, file-system, package, version and release. Each word is a placeholder, either for text you enter when issuing a command or for text displayed by the system.
		</div><div class="para">
			Aside from standard usage for presenting the title of a work, italics denotes the first use of a new and important term. For example:
		</div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="para">
				When the Apache HTTP Server accepts requests, it dispatches child processes or threads to handle them. This group of child processes or threads is known as a <em class="firstterm">server-pool</em>. Under Apache HTTP Server 2.0, the responsibility for creating and maintaining these server-pools has been abstracted to a group of modules called <em class="firstterm">Multi-Processing Modules</em> (<em class="firstterm">MPMs</em>). Unlike other modules, only one module from the MPM group can be loaded by the Apache HTTP Server.
			</div></blockquote></div></div><div class="section" title="2.2. 引​述​常​規​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="d0e318">2.2. 引​述​常​規​</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
			有​兩​種​（一​般​多​行​的​）資​料​類​型​會​在​圍​繞​它​的​文​字​中​被​強​調​出​。​
		</div><div class="para">
			傳​送​至​終​端​機​的​輸​出​設​置​為 <code class="computeroutput">Mono-spaced Roman</code> 並​且​以​此​方​式​顯​示​：
		</div><pre class="screen">books        Desktop   documentation  drafts  mss    photos   stuff  svn
books_tests  Desktop1  downloads      images  notes  scripts  svgs
</pre><div class="para">
			原​始​碼​排​列​也​設​置​為 <code class="computeroutput">Mono-spaced Roman</code> 不​過​會​被​以​下​列​方​式​顯​示​並​強​調​：
		</div><pre class="programlisting">package org.jboss.book.jca.ex1;

import javax.naming.InitialContext;

public class ExClient
{
   public static void main(String args[]) 
       throws Exception
   {
      InitialContext iniCtx = new InitialContext();
      Object         ref    = iniCtx.lookup("EchoBean");
      EchoHome       home   = (EchoHome) ref;
      Echo           echo   = home.create();

      System.out.println("Created Echo");

      System.out.println("Echo.echo('Hello') = " + echo.echo("Hello"));
   }
   
}
</pre></div><div class="section" title="2.3. 註​解​和​警​告​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="d0e337">2.3. 註​解​和​警​告​</h3></div></div></div><div class="para">
			最​後​，我​們​會​使​用​三​種​視​覺​上​的​形​式​來​強​調​可​能​會​被​漏​掉​的​資​訊​。​
		</div><div class="note"><h2>Note（註​解​）</h2><div class="para">
				註​解​代​表​某​些​項​目​的​提​示​、​捷​徑​或​是​其​它​完​成​方​式​。​忽​略​註​解​並​不​會​有​太​大​的​影​響​，不​過​您​可​能​會​忽​略​掉​某​些​能​較​輕​鬆​完​成​工​作​的​方​式​。​
			</div></div><div class="important"><h2>Important（重​點​）</h2><div class="para">
				重​點​方​塊​會​將​容​易​漏​掉​的​項​目​詳​細​列​出​：只​對​應​於​當​下 session 的​配​置​變​更​，或​是​某​些​要​套​用​更​新​前​必​須​將​之​重​新​啟​用​的​服​務​。​倘​若​您​忽​略​掉​重​點​方​塊​，雖​然​不​會​造​成​資​料​遺​失​，不​過​卻​會​造​成​工​作​上​的​不​便​和​其​它​影​響​。​
			</div></div><div class="warning"><h2>Warning（警​告​）</h2><div class="para">
				任​何​警​告​都​不​該​被​忽​略​掉​。​忽​略​警​告​的​話​很​有​可​能​會​造​成​資​料​上​的​遺​失​。​
			</div></div></div></div><div class="section" title="3. 我們需要您的意見！"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="d0e357">3. 我們需要您的意見！</h2></div></div></div><a id="d0e360" class="indexterm"/><div class="para">若您在本指南中發現印刷上的錯誤，或有讓本指南改進的方式，我們將誠摯歡迎您和我們取得聯繫！請在 Bugzilla 中對於 <span class="application"><strong>Fedora Documentation.</strong></span> 這個產品提交您的報表：<a href="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/">http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/</a>。 </div><div class="para">當您提交錯誤報告時，請務必提供指南的識別碼：<em class="citetitle">Virtualization_Guide</em> </div><div class="para">若您擁有改善文件的建議，請儘可能地將它詳細描述清楚。若您您發現錯誤的話，請包含區段編號以及該錯誤周圍的部分文字，如此一來我們便能輕易地找到該錯誤。
  </div></div></div><div class="part" title="部 I. Installation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title" id="part-Virtualization_Guide-Installation">部 I. Installation</h1></div></div></div><div class="partintro" title="虛​擬​化​的​安​裝​主​題​"><div><div><div><h1 id="part-Virtualization_Guide-Installation-Virtualization_installation_topics" class="title">虛​擬​化​的​安​裝​主​題​</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
				這​些​章​節​描​述​了​如​何​在 Fedora 中​設​定​主​機​、​並​安​裝​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​。​建​議​您​仔​細​閱​讀​這​些​章​節​，以​確​保​能​成​功​安​裝​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​的​作​業​系​統​。​
			</div><div class="toc"><p><b>內容目錄</b></p><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages">1. 安​裝​虛​擬​化​套​件​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_with_a_new_Fedora_installation">1.1. 安​裝 Fedora 時​安​裝 KVM</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system">1.2. 在​一​部​現​有​的 Fedora 系​統​上​安​裝 KVM 套​件​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview">2. 虛​擬​化​客​座​端​安​裝​總​覽​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_over
 view-Creating_guests_with_virt_install">2.1. 透​過 virt-install 來​建​立​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Creating_guests_with_virt_manager">2.2. 透​過 virt-manager 來​建​立​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Installing_guests_with_PXE">2.3. 使​用 PXE 來​安​裝​客​座​端​</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Guest_operating_system_installation_procedures">3. 客​座​端​作​業​系​統​的​安​裝​程​序​</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_5_as_a_para_virtualized_guest">3.1. 將 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝​為​半​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​<
 /a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.2. 將 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 安​裝​為​完​整​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Windows_XP_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.3. 安​裝 Windows XP 客​座​端​為​完​整​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Windows_Server_2003_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.4. 安​裝 Windows Server 2003 為​完​整​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_Windows_Server_2008_as_a_fully_virtualized_guest">3.5. 安​裝 Windows Server 2008 為​完​整​的​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div
 ></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="chapter" title="章 1. 安​裝​虛​擬​化​套​件​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="chap-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages">章 1. 安​裝​虛​擬​化​套​件​</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_with_a_new_Fedora_installation">1.1. 安​裝 Fedora 時​安​裝 KVM</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system">1.2. 在​一​部​現​有​的 Fedora 系​統​上​安​裝 KVM 套​件​</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" title="1.1. 安​裝 Fedora 時​安​裝 KVM"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Inst
 alling_KVM_with_a_new_Fedora_installation">1.1. 安​裝 Fedora 時​安​裝 KVM</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
			本​節​涵​蓋​了​在​新​的 Fedora 12 安​裝​程​序​進​行​時​，安​裝 KVM 套​件​的​相​關​資​訊​。​
		</div><div class="note"><h2>您​需​要​安​裝​上​的​協​助​嗎​？</h2><div class="para">
				《​<em class="citetitle">Fedora 12 安​裝​指​南​</em>》​（可​由 <a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a> 網​站​取​得​）涵​蓋​了​安​裝 Fedora 12 上​的​詳​細​說​明​。​
			</div></div><div class="procedure"><ol class="1"><li class="step" title="步驟 1"><div class="para">
					藉​由 Fedora 12 的​安​裝​光​碟​、​DVD 或 PXE 來​啟​動​一​項 Fedora 的​互​動​式​安​裝​介​面​。​
				</div></li><li class="step" title="步驟 2"><div class="para">
					完​成​「​選​擇​套​件​」​之​前​的​所​有​步​驟​。​
				</div><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/RHELcustomize14.png"/></div><div class="para">
					請​選​擇​「​<span class="guilabel"><strong>虛​擬​化​</strong></span>」​套​件​，然​後​點​選​「​<span class="guilabel"><strong>立​即​自​訂​</strong></span>」​選​項​。​
				</div></li><li class="step" title="步驟 3"><div class="para">
					選​擇​<span class="guilabel"><strong>「​KVM」​</strong></span>套​件​群​組​。​不​要​選​擇​<span class="guilabel"><strong>「​虛​擬​化​」​</strong></span>套​件​群​組​。​這​會​選​擇​並​安​裝 KVM hypervisor、​<code class="command">virt-manager</code>、​<code class="command">libvirt</code> 與 <code class="command">virt-viewer</code>。​
				</div><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/RHELkvmSelect.png"/></div></li><li class="step" title="自​訂​套​件​（視​需​要​而​定​）" id="step-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_KVM_with_a_new_Linux_installation-Customize_the_packages_if_required"><p class="title"><b>自​訂​套​件​（視​需​要​而​定​）</b></p><div class="para">
					如​果​您​需​要​其​他​的​虛​擬​化​套​件​，請​自​訂​<span class="guilabel"><strong>「​虛​擬​化​」​</strong></span>群​組​。​
				</div><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/RHELKVMpackages.png"/></div><div class="para">
					請​按​下​<span class="guilabel"><strong>「​關​閉​」​</strong></span>，然​後​<span class="guilabel"><strong>「​下​一​步​」​</strong></span>來​繼​續​安​裝​。​
				</div></li></ol></div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="form-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_KVM_with_a_new_Fedora_installation-Installing_KVM_packages_with_Kickstart_files">利​用 kickstart 檔​案​來​安​裝 KVM 套​件​</h5>
				此​部​份​描​述​了​如​何​使​用 Kickstart 檔​案​來​安​裝 Fedora 與 KVM hypervisor 套​件​。​Kickstart 檔​案​能​提​供​大​型​、​自​動​化​的​安​裝​程​序​，並​且​無​須​用​戶​手​動​式​地​安​裝​個​別​的​系​統​。​此​部​份​中​的​步​驟​將​會​協​助​您​建​立​，並​使​用 Kickstart 檔​案​來​安​裝 Fedora 與​虛​擬​化​套​件​。​
			</div><div class="para">
			在 Kickstart 檔​案​的 <code class="computeroutput">%packages</code> 一​節​裡​，加​入​以​下​套​件​群​組​：
		</div><pre class="screen">%packages
@kvm
</pre><div class="para">
			您​可​透​過 Fedora Project 網​站​，<a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>，在 <em class="citetitle">Fedora 12 安​裝​指​南​</em> 中​取​得​更​多​有​關​於 Kickstart 檔​案​的​相​關​資​訊​。​
		</div></div><div class="section" title="1.2. 在​一​部​現​有​的 Fedora 系​統​上​安​裝 KVM 套​件​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="sect-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_the_virtualization_packages-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system">1.2. 在​一​部​現​有​的 Fedora 系​統​上​安​裝 KVM 套​件​</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
			此​部​份​描​述​了​在​現​有​的 Fedora 12（或​更​新​版​本​）上​，安​裝 KVM hypervisor 的​所​需​步​驟​。​
		</div><div class="formalpara"><h5 class="formalpara" id="form-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system-Installing_the_KVM_hypervisor_with_yum">透​過 <code class="command">yum</code> 來​安​裝 KVM hypervisor</h5>
				若​要​在 Fedora 上​使​用​虛​擬​化​的​話​，您​將​需​要 <code class="filename">kvm</code> 套​件​。​<code class="filename">kvm</code> 套​件​包​含​著 KVM kernel 模​組​，並​在​預​設​的 Linux kernel 上​提​供 KVM hypervisor。​
			</div><div class="para">
			若​要​安​裝 <code class="filename">kvm</code> 套​件​，請​執​行​： 
<pre class="screen"># yum install kvm
</pre>
		</div><div class="para">
			現​在​，安​裝​額​外​的​虛​擬​化​管​理​套​件​。​
		</div><div class="variablelist" title="建​議​的​虛​擬​化​套​件​：" id="vari-Virtualization_Guide-Installing_KVM_packages_on_an_existing_Fedora_system-Recommended_virtualization_packages"><h6>建​議​的​虛​擬​化​套​件​：</h6><dl><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">python-virtinst</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
						提​供​了​用​來​建​立​虛​擬​機​器​的 <code class="command">virt-install</code> 指​令​。​
					</div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">libvirt</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
						<code class="filename">libvirt</code> 是​與 hypervisor 互​動​的 API 函​式​庫​。​<code class="filename">libvert</code> 使​用​的​是 <code class="command">xm</code> 虛​擬​化​架​構​；而 <code class="filename">virsh</code> 是​用​來​管​理​與​控​制​虛​擬​機​器​的​命​令​列​工​具​。​
					</div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">libvirt-python</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
						libvirt-python 套​件​包​含​著​一​個​模​組​，該​模​組​允​許​透​過 Python 程​式​語​言​所​編​寫​的​應​用​程​式​使​用​由 <code class="filename">libvirt</code> API 所​提​供​的​介​面​。​
					</div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">virt-manager</code></span></dt><dd><div class="para">
						<code class="command">virt-manager</code>，又​稱​<span class="application"><strong>虛​擬​機​器​管​理​員​</strong></span>，提​供​了​一​個​用​來​管​理​虛​擬​機​器​的​圖​形​化​工​具​。​它​使​用​了 <code class="filename">libvirt</code> 函​式​庫​為​進​行​管​理​用​的 API。​
					</div></dd></dl></div><div class="para">
			安​裝​其​它​建​議​的​虛​擬​化​套​件​：
		</div><pre class="screen"># yum install virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst
</pre></div></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="chapter" title="章 2. 虛​擬​化​客​座​端​安​裝​總​覽​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="chap-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview">章 2. 虛​擬​化​客​座​端​安​裝​總​覽​</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Creating_guests_with_virt_install">2.1. 透​過 virt-install 來​建​立​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Creating_guests_with_virt_manager">2.2. 透​過 virt-manager 來​建​立​客​座​端​</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Installing_guests_with_PXE">2.3. 使​用 PXE 來​安​裝​客​座​端​</a></
 span></dt></dl></div><div class="para">
		在​主​系​統​上​安​裝​了​虛​擬​化​套​件​之​後​，就​可​以​建​立​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​。​本​章​描​述​了​在​虛​擬​機​器​上​，安​裝​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​的​程​序​。​您​可​以​使​用 <span class="application"><strong>virt-manager</strong></span> 的​<span class="guibutton"><strong>新​增​</strong></span>按​鈕​，或​使​用​命​令​列​工​具 <code class="command">virt-install</code> 來​建​立​客​座​端​。​本​章​將​提​及​這​兩​種​方​法​。​
	</div><div class="para">
		欲​知​特​定 Fedora 版​本​、​其​它 Linux 發​行​版​本​、​Solaris 與 Windows 的​詳​細​安​裝​指​示​，請​參​閱 <a class="xref" href="#chap-Virtualization_Guide-Guest_operating_system_installation_procedures" title="章 3. 客​座​端​作​業​系​統​的​安​裝​程​序​">章 3, <i>客​座​端​作​業​系​統​的​安​裝​程​序​</i></a> 來​取​得​相​關​程​序​上​的​資​訊​。​
	</div><div class="section" title="2.1. 透​過 virt-install 來​建​立​客​座​端​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="sect-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_guest_installation_overview-Creating_guests_with_virt_install">2.1. 透​過 virt-install 來​建​立​客​座​端​</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
			您​可​以​在​命​令​列​中​，使​用 <code class="command">virt-install</code> 指​令​來​建​立​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​。​您​可​以​藉​由​互​動​式​方​式​來​使​用 <code class="command">virt-install</code>，或​用​於​一​個 script 中​來​自​動​化​虛​擬​機​器​的​建​置​。​當​使​用 <code class="command">virt-install</code> 和 kickstart 檔​案​時​，您​可​進​行​無​人​式​的​虛​擬​機​器​安​裝​程​序​。​
		</div><div class="para">
			<code class="command">virt-install</code> 工​具​提​供​了​幾​個​您​可​傳​送​至​指​令​列​上​的​選​項​。​要​看​完​整​的​選​項​，請​執​行​：
		</div><pre class="screen">$ virt-install --help
</pre><div class="para">
			<code class="command">virt-install</code> 的 man page 也​為​每​個​選​項​與​重​要​的​變​數​，提​供​了​詳​細​資​訊​。​
		</div><div class="para">
			<code class="command">qemu-img</code> 是​相​關​指​令​，可​以​在​使​用 <code class="command">virt-install</code> 之​前​，設​定​儲​存​選​項​。​
		</div><div class="para">
			另​一​個​重​要​選​項​是 <em class="parameter"><code>--vnc</code></em>，它​會​為​客​座​端​的​安​裝​過​程​，開​啟​圖​形​化​介​面​的​視​窗​。​
		</div><div class="example" id="exam-Virtualization_Guide-Creating_guests_with_virt_install-Using_virt_install_with_KVM_to_create_a_Linux_3_guest"><div class="example-contents"><div class="para">
				本​範​例​建​立​的​是 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 的​客​座​端​，名​為 <em class="parameter"><code>rhel3support</code></em>。​本​範​例​使​用​光​碟​片​來​安​裝​，有​虛​擬​網​路​與 5GB 的​區​塊​裝​置​映​像​檔​；同​時​使​用​的​是 KVM hypervisor。​
			</div><pre class="screen"># virt-install --accelerate --hvm --connect qemu:///system \
        --network network:default \
        --name rhel3support --ram=756\
        --file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/rhel3support.img \
        --file-size=6 --vnc --cdrom=/dev/sr0
</pre></div><h6>範例 2.1. 使​用 virt-install 與 KVM 來​建​立 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 客​座​端​</h6></div><br class="example-break"/><div class="example" id="exam-Virtualization_Guide-Creating_guests_with_virt_install-Using_virt_install_to_create_a_Fedora_11_guest"><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen"># virt-install --name Fedora11 --ram 512 --file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/Fedora11.img \
[...2693 lines suppressed...]
				</div></li><li class="step" title="步驟 6"><div class="para">
					執​行 <code class="command">cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep vmx svm</code>。​如​果​您​看​到​任​何​結​果​，表​示​虛​擬​延​伸​功​能​已​經​啟​用​。​如​果​您​看​不​到​任​何​結​果​，那​表​示​您​的​系​統​沒​有​任​何​虛​擬​延​伸​功​能​，或​者 BIOS 並​未​啟​用​這​功​能​。​
				</div></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="appendix" title="附錄 A. 額​外​資​源​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="appe-Virtualization_Guide-Additional_resources" class="title">額​外​資​源​</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
		欲​更​進​一​步​地​瞭​解​虛​擬​化​與 Linux，請​參​閱​下​列​資​源​。​
	</div><div class="section" title="A.1. 線​上​資​源​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="sect-Virtualization_Guide-Additional_resources-Online_resources">A.1. 線​上​資​源​</h2></div></div></div><a id="d0e8377" class="indexterm"/><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/">http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/xen/</a> <span class="trademark">Xen</span>™ 半​虛​擬​化​主​機​管​理​員​的​專​案​網​站​（Fedora <span class="package">kernel-xen</span> 套​件​就​是​由​此​所​衍​生​的​）。​這​個​網​站​會​維​護​上​游​的 xen 專​案 binary 和​原​始​程​式​碼​，並​且​它​同​時​也​包​含​了​與 xen 還​有​和​它​相​聯​技​術​上​相​關​的​資​訊​、​架​構​總​覽​、​文​件​，和​相​關​連​結​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Xen 社​群​網​站​
				</div><div class="para">
					<a href="http://www.xen.org/">http://www.xen.org/</a>
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<a href="http://www.libvirt.org/">http://www.libvirt.org/</a> <code class="command">libvirt</code> 虛​擬​化 API 的​正​式​網​站​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<a href="http://virt-manager.et.redhat.com/">http://virt-manager.et.redhat.com/</a> <span class="application"><strong>Virtual Machine Manager</strong></span>（virt-manager）的​專​案​網​站​，是​個​用​來​管​理​虛​擬​機​器​的​圖​形​化​應​用​程​式​。​
				</div></li></ul></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					開​放​式​虛​擬​化​中​心​
				</div><div class="para">
					<a href="http://www.openvirtualization.com/">http://www.openvirtualization.com</a>
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Fedora 文​件​
				</div><div class="para">
					<a href="http://docs.fedoraproject.org">http://docs.fedoraproject.org</a>
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					虛​擬​化​技​術​總​覽​
				</div><div class="para">
					<a href="http://virt.kernelnewbies.org/">http://virt.kernelnewbies.org</a>
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					Red Hat 新​興​技​術​企​劃​群​組​
				</div><div class="para">
					<a href="http://et.redhat.com/">http://et.redhat.com</a>
				</div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="A.2. 已​安​裝​的​文​件​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="sect-Virtualization_Guide-Additional_resources-Installed_documentation">A.2. 已​安​裝​的​文​件​</h2></div></div></div><a id="d0e8458" class="indexterm"/><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/xen-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em>/</code> 這​個​目​錄​中​包​含​著​有​關​於 Xen 半​虛​擬​化 hypervisor 以​及​相​關​管​理​工​具​的​資​訊​。​它​同​時​也​包​含​著​各​種​不​同​的​配​置​範​例​、​特​定​硬​體​資​訊​，以​及​目​前​的 Xen 上​游​使​用​者​文​件​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<code class="command">man virsh</code> and <code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/libvirt-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em></code> — 這​裡​面​包​含​著 <code class="command">virsh</code> 虛​擬​機​器​管​理​公​用​程​式​的​次​指​令​與​選​項​以​及​有​關​於 <code class="filename">libvirt</code> 虛​擬​化​函​式​庫 API 的​廣​泛​資​訊​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/gnome-applet-vm-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em></code> — 這​裡​面​包​含​著​監​視​與​管​理​本​地​執​行​的​虛​擬​主​機​所​用​的 GNOME 圖​形​化​面​板​的​獨​立​應​用​程​式​的​文​件​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/libvirt-python-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em></code> — 它​提​供​了​有​關​於 <code class="filename">libvirt</code> 常​式​庫​上​的 Python 連​結​的​細​節​。​<code class="filename">libvirt-python</code> 套​件​能​讓 python 開​發​者​們​建​立​與 <code class="filename">libvirt</code> 虛​擬​化​管​理​常​式​庫​有​關​的​程​式​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/python-virtinst-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em></code> — 它​提​供​了​<code class="command">virt-install</code> 指​令​的​說​明​文​件​。​這​項​指​令​能​在​虛​擬​主​機​中​，幫​助​啟​動 Fedora 與 Linux 相​關​發​行​版​的​安​裝​程​序​。​
				</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
					<code class="filename">/usr/share/doc/virt-manager-<em class="replaceable"><code><version-number></code></em></code> — 它​提​供​了​虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​的​文​件​，虛​擬​主​機​管​理​程​式​則​提​供​了​一​個​用​來​管​理​虛​擬​主​機​的​圖​形​化​工​具​。​
				</div></li></ul></div></div></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="appendix" title="附錄 B. 修​訂​紀​錄​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="appe-Virtualization_Guide-Revision_History" class="title">修​訂​紀​錄​</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
		<div class="revhistory"><table border="0" width="100%" summary="Revision history"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3"><b>修訂記錄</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left">修訂 12.1.3</td><td align="left">Mon Oct 12 2009</td><td align="left"><span class="author"><span class="firstname">Christopher</span> <span class="surname">Curran</span></span></td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="3">
					<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"><tr><td>由 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 虛​擬​化​指​南​版​本 5.4-61 所​分​出​。​</td></tr></table>
				</td></tr></table></div>
	</div></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="appendix" title="附錄 C. 版​權​說​明​"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 id="appe-Virtualization_Guide-Colophon" class="title">版​權​說​明​</h1></div></div></div><div class="para">
		本​指​南​的​格​式​為 DocBook XML v4.3。​
	</div><div class="para">
		本​指​南​是​基​於 Jan Mark Holzer 與 Chris Curran 的​作​品​。​
	</div><div class="para">
		其​他​貢​獻​作​者​包​含​：
	</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				Don Dutile - 半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​部​份​的​技​術​編​輯​。​
			</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				Barry Donahue - 半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​部​份​的​技​術​編​輯​。​
			</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				Rick Ring - 虛​擬​機​器​管​理​員​部​份​的​技​術​編​輯​。​
			</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				Michael Kearey - 使​用 XML 配​置​檔​案​和 virsh 以​及​虛​擬​化​磁​碟​片​磁​碟​部​份​的​技​術​編​輯​。​
			</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				Marco Grigull - 軟​體​相​容​性​與​效​能​部​份​的​技​術​編​輯​。​
			</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				Eugene Teo - 使​用 virsh 來​進​行​管​理​客​座​端​部​份​的​技​術​編​輯​。​
			</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
		Publican，用​來​產​生​本​書​的​發​行​工​具​之​作​者 - Jeffrey Fearn。​
	</div><div class="para">
		Red Hat 本​土​化​團​隊​包​含​以​下​成​員​：
	</div><div class="itemizedlist" id="item-Virtualization_Guide-Colophon-East_Asian_Languages"><h6>東​亞​地​區​語​言​</h6><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				簡​體​中​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						劉​衛​
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				正​體​中​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						鄭​中​
					</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						莊​佳​儒​
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				日​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						伊​藤​淳​子​
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				韓​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						金​銀​珠​
					</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><div class="itemizedlist" id="item-Virtualization_Guide-Colophon-Latin_Languages"><h6>拉​丁​系​語​言​</h6><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				法​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Sam Friedmann
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				德​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Hedda Peters
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				義​大​利​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Francesco Valente
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				巴​西​葡​萄​牙​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Glaucia de Freitas
					</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Leticia de Lima
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				西​班​牙​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Angela Garcia
					</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Gladys Guerrero
					</div></li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
				俄​文​
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Yuliya Poyarkova
					</div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div><div xml:lang="zh-TW" class="glossary" title="小辭彙"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" id="d0e8684">小辭彙</h2></div></div></div><div class="para">
		本​辭​彙​表​定​義​了​使​用​於​本​安​裝​指​南​中​的​專​有​名​詞​和​術​語​。​
	</div><dl><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Bare_metal">空​機​（Bare-metal）</dt><dd><div class="para">
				裸​機​（bare-metal）這​個​名​詞​代​表​一​部​電​腦​的​基​本​實​體​架​構​。​在​一​部​裸​機​上​執​行​一​個​作​業​系​統​相​當​於​在​實​體​硬​體​上​執​行​一​個​未​修​改​版​本​的​作​業​系​統​。​在​裸​機​上​執​行​的​作​業​系​統​如 <a class="firstterm" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-dom0"><em class="firstterm">dom0</em></a> 或​是​一​個​正​常​安​裝​的​作​業​系​統​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-dom0">dom0</dt><dd><div class="para">
				亦​稱​為 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Host" title="主​機​（Host）">主​機​（Host）</a> 或​是​主​機​作​業​系​統​。​
			</div><div class="para">
				<code class="command">dom0</code> 代​表​執​行​協​助​進​行​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​虛​擬​化​的 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">Hypervisor</a> 的 Linux 主​機​事​例​（host instance）。​Dom0 會​自​行​在​實​體​硬​體​上​運​作​、​管​理​實​體​硬​體​，並​為​自​己​與​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​分​配​資​源​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Domains">Domains</dt><dd><div class="para">
				<a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-domU" title="domU">domU</a> 以​及 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Domains" title="Domains">Domains</a> 兩​者​皆​為​網​域​。​網​域​會​在 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">Hypervisor</a> 上​運​作​。​「​網​域​」​這​個​名​詞​的​意​思​和 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Virtual_machines" title="虛​擬​機​器​">虛​擬​機​器​</a> 相​似​，並​且​兩​者​技​術​上​來​講​是​可​交​替​使​用​的​。​網​域​也​屬​於​虛​擬​機​器​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-domU">domU</dt><dd><div class="para">
				<code class="command">domU</code> 代​表​在​主​機​系​統​（<a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Domains" title="Domains">Domains</a>）上​運​作​的​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Full_virtualization">完​整​虛​擬​化​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				Xen 與 KVM 皆​能​使​用​完​整​虛​擬​化​。​完​整​虛​擬​化​使​用​了​處​理​器​的​硬​體​功​能​來​提​供​完​整​的​基​本​實​體​系​統​（<a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Bare_metal" title="空​機​（Bare-metal）">空​機​（Bare-metal）</a>）並​建​立​了​一​個​可​執​行​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​的​新​虛​擬​系​統​。​您​無​須​在​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​中​進​行​任​何​變​更​。​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​與​客​座​端​上​的​所​有​應​用​程​式​皆​不​會​偵​測​到​這​是​個​虛​擬​環​境​，因​此​它​們​將​會​照​常​運​作​。​半​虛​擬​化​則​需​要​使​用​一​個​經​過​修​改​的 Lin
 ux 作​業​系​統​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Fully_virtualized">完​整​虛​擬​化​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				請​參​閱 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Full_virtualization" title="完​整​虛​擬​化​">完​整​虛​擬​化​</a>。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Guest_system">客​座​端​系​統​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				亦​稱​為​客​座​端​、​虛​擬​機​器​或​是 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-domU" title="domU">domU</a>。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Hardware_Virtual_Machine">Hardware Virtual Machine</dt><dd><div class="para">
				請​參​閱 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Full_virtualization" title="完​整​虛​擬​化​">完​整​虛​擬​化​</a>
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Hypervisor">Hypervisor</dt><dd><div class="para">
				Hypervisor 是​個​軟​體​層​，它​模​擬​了​允​許​多​重​作​業​系​統​執​行​於​相​同​硬​體​上​的​作​業​系​統​之​硬​體​。​Hypervisor 執​行​於​主​機​作​業​系​統​上​並​同​時​允​許​其​它​虛​擬​機​器​在​主​機​的​硬​體​上​運​作​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Host">主​機​（Host）</dt><dd><div class="para">
				主​機​作​業​系​統​，亦​稱​為 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-dom0" title="dom0">dom0</a>。​
			</div><div class="para">
				主​機​作​業​系​統​環​境​可​執​行 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Fully_virtualized" title="完​整​虛​擬​化​">完​整​虛​擬​化​</a> 與 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Para_virtualized" title="半​虛​擬​化​">半​虛​擬​化​</a> 客​座​端​系​統​的​虛​擬​化​軟​體​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-IO">I/O</dt><dd><div class="para">
				輸​入​/輸​出​的​縮​寫​。​「​I/O」​這​個​名​詞​可​用​來​描​述​任​何​會​將​資​料​在​電​腦​與​週​邊​裝​置​之​間​進​行​傳​輸​的​程​式​、​作​業​或​裝​置​。​每​項​傳​輸​都​是​由​某​個​裝​置​輸​出​並​輸​入​至​另​一​個​裝​置​中​。​鍵​盤​和​滑​鼠​這​類​的​裝​置​都​屬​於​唯​輸​入​的​裝​置​，而​類​似​印​表​機​這​類​的​裝​置​則​屬​於​唯​輸​出​的​裝​置​。​一​部​可​燒​錄​的​光​碟​機​屬​於​可​輸​入​與​輸​出​裝​置​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Kernel_based_Virtual_Machine">Kernel-based Virtual Machine</dt><dd><div class="para">
				KVM（基​於 Kernel 的​虛​擬​機​器​）是​個​在 AMD64 與 Intel 64 硬​體​上​的 Linux <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Full_virtualization" title="完​整​虛​擬​化​">完​整​虛​擬​化​</a> 解​決​方​案​。​VM 是​個​為​標​準 Linux kernel 所​建​置​的 Linux kernel 模​組​。​KVM 可​執​行​多​個​未​經​修​改​、​未​經​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端 Windows 與 Linux 作​業​系​統​。​KVM 是​個​使​用​了 libvirt 虛​擬​化​工​具​（virt-manager 和 virsh）的 hypervisor。​
			</div><div class="para">
				KVM 是​一​組​用​來​針​對​於 Hypervisor 模​組​本​身​管​理​裝​置​、​記​憶​體​以​及​管​理 API 的 Linux kernel 模​組​。​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​會​作​為 Linux 程​序​與​執​行​緒​來​執​行​，並​且​經​由​這​些​模​組​來​進​行​控​制​。​guest density
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-LUN">LUN</dt><dd><div class="para">
				邏​輯​單​元​數​量​（Logical Unit Number，LUN）代​表​分​配​至​邏​輯​單​元​（一​個 SCSI 協​定​實​體​）的​號​碼​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Migration">遷​移​（Migration）</dt><dd><div class="para">
				「​遷​移​」​是​個​將​虛​擬​客​座​端​由​一​個​主​機​移​至​另​一​個​主​機​的​程​序​之​名​稱​。​遷​移​程​序​可​離​線​進​行​（客​座​端​將​會​被​暫​停​並​進​行​移​動​）亦​可​即​時​遷​移​（客​座​端​會​在​沒​有​被​暫​停​的​情​況​下​被​移​動​）。​Xen 完​整​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​、​Xen 半​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​以​及 KVM 完​整​虛​擬​化​的​客​座​端​皆​可​進​行​遷​移​。​
			</div><div class="para">
				遷​移​屬​於​虛​擬​化​的​關​鍵​功​能​，因​為​軟​體​與​硬​體​完​全​分​離​了​。​遷​移​主​要​用​於​：
			</div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Load balancing - guests can be moved to hosts with lower usage when a host becomes overloaded.
					</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Hardware failover - when hardware devices on the host start to fail, guests can be safely relocated so the host can be powered down and repaired.
					</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Energy saving - guests can be redistributed to other hosts and host systems powered off to save energy and cut costs in low usage periods.
					</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
						Geographic migration - guests can be moved to another location for lower latency or in serious circumstances.
					</div></li></ul></div><div class="para">
				共​享​、​連​接​網​路​的​儲​存​裝​置​可​用​來​儲​存​客​座​端​映​像​檔​。​沒​有​共​享​儲​存​裝​置​的​話​將​無​法​進​行​遷​移​。​
			</div><div class="para">
				An offline migration suspends the guest then moves an image of the guests memory to the destination host. The guest is resumed on the destination host and the memory the guest used on the source host is freed.
			</div><div class="para">
				離​線​遷​移​程​序​的​所​需​時​間​取​決​於​網​路​頻​寬​和​延​遲​時​間​。​一​個​擁​有 2GB 記​憶​體​的​客​座​端​在​一​個 1 Gbit 的​乙​太​網​路​連​結​上​應​該​會​花​上​幾​秒​鐘​。​
			</div><div class="para">
				即​時​遷​移​會​讓​客​座​端​持​續​在​來​源​主​機​上​進​行​遷​移​，並​且​不​停​用​該​客​座​端​。​當​映​像​檔​被​傳​送​後​，所​有​經​過​修​改​的​記​憶​體​分​頁​（memory page）皆​會​被​追​蹤​並​傳​送​至​目​的​地​。​記​憶​體​會​隨​著​受​到​變​更​的​分​頁​而​更​新​。​這​項​程​序​會​持​續​進​行​直​到​它​成​功​地​複​製​了​所​有​的​分​頁​，或​是​當​來​源​主​機​變​動​的​速​度​太​快​，而​造​成​目​標​主​機​進​度​無​法​進​行​為​止​。​當​發​生​了​這​兩​種​情​況​時​，客​座​端​便​會​在​來​源​主​機​上​暫​停​，並​且
 ​暫​存​器​與​緩​衝​器​便​會​被​傳​送​出​。​暫​存​器​會​被​載​入​至​新​的​主​機​上​，並​且​客​戶​端​將​會​在​目​標​主​機​上​復​原​。​若​客​座​端​無​法​合​併​的​話​（當​客​座​端​負​載​過​高​時​），客​座​端​便​會​暫​停​並​且​離​線​遷​移​程​序​將​會​被​啟​動​來​代​替​。​
			</div><div class="para">
				離​線​遷​移​程​序​的​所​需​時​間​取​決​於​網​路​頻​寬​和​延​遲​時​間​，以​及​客​座​端​上​所​在​進​行​的​活​動​為​何​。​若​客​座​端​正​在​使​用​大​量​的 I/O 或 CPU 的​話​，遷​移​程​序​將​會​花​上​較​久​的​時​間​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-MAC_Addresses">MAC 位​址​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				媒​體​存​取​控​制​位​址​（Media Access Control Address）為​網​路​介​面​卡​的​硬​體​位​址​。​以​虛​擬​化​的​角​度​來​講​，虛​擬​網​路​介​面​卡​必​須​含​有 MAC 位​址​並​且​您​本​地​網​域​上​的​各​個 MAC 必​須​要​是​獨​特​的​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Para_virtualization">半​虛​擬​化​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				半​虛​擬​化​使​用​了​一​種​特​殊​的 kernel，有​時​亦​稱​為 Xen kernel 或​是 <span class="package">kernel-xen</span> 套​件​。​半​虛​擬​化​客​座​端 kernel 會​在​主​機​上​執​行​，並​在​同​時​使​用​該​主​機​的​函​式​庫​與​裝​置​。​半​虛​擬​化​的​安​裝​程​序​將​會​擁​有​系​統​上​所​有​裝​置​的​完​整​存​取​權​限​，這​可​透​過​安​全​性​設​定​（SELinux 與​檔​案​控​制​）來​進​行​限​制​。​半​虛​擬​化​的​速​度​比​完​整​虛​擬​化​還​要​快​，並​且​可​被​有​效​地​用​於​負​載​平​衡​（load balancing）、​provisioning、​提​昇​安​全​性​以​及​強​化​整​合​。​
			</div><div class="para">
				從 Fedora 9 開​始​，有​個​特​殊​的 kernel 將​已​不​再​被​需​要​。​一​旦​此​修​正​檔​被​併​入​主​要​的 Linux tree 中​之​後​，所​有​在​那​版​本​之​後​的 Linux kernel 皆​會​啟​用​或​可​使​用​半​虛​擬​化​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Para_virtualized">半​虛​擬​化​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				請​參​閱 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Para_virtualization" title="半​虛​擬​化​">半​虛​擬​化​</a>，
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Para_virtualized_drivers">半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				半​虛​擬​化​驅​動​程​式​是​運​作​於​完​整​虛​擬​化 Linux 客​座​端​上​的​裝​置​驅​動​程​式​。​這​些​驅​動​程​式​大​幅​增​強​了​完​整​虛​擬​化​客​座​端​的​網​路​和​區​塊​裝​置 I/O 的​效​能​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Security_Enhanced_Linux">Security Enhanced Linux</dt><dd><div class="para">
				安​全​性​增​強 Linux 的​縮​寫​，SELinux 在 Linux kernel 中​用​了 Linux 安​全​性​模​組​（Linux Security Modules，LSM）以​提​供​一​系​列​只​需​要​最​少​權​限​的​安​全​性​政​策​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Universally_Unique_Identifier">Universally Unique Identifier</dt><dd><div class="para">
				通​用​唯​一​識​別​碼​（Universally Unique Identifier，UUID）是​個​在​分​散​式​運​算​環​境​（distributed computing environments）中​使​用​來​為​裝​置​、​系​統​和​特​定​軟​體​物​件​編​號​的​標​準​編​號​方​式​。​虛​擬​化​中​的 UUID 類​型​包​含​：<code class="systemitem">ext2</code> 和 <code class="systemitem">ext3</code> 檔​案​系​統​標​識​符​號​、​RAID 裝​置​標​識​符​號​、​iSCSI 和 LUN 裝​置​標​識​符​號​、​MAC 位​址​以​及​虛​擬​機​器​標​識​符​號​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualization">Virtualization</dt><dd><div class="para">
				「​虛​擬​化​」​是​個​執​行​軟​體​的​電​腦​術​語​，一​般​代​表​作​業​系​統​，並​和​一​部​系​統​上​的​其​它​程​式​共​存​且​區​隔​開​來​。​大​部​分​現​有​的​虛​擬​化​實​做​都​使​用​了 hypervisor，這​是​個​在​作​業​系​統​上​模​擬​硬​體​的​軟​體​層​。​Hypervisor 透​過​了​提​供​虛​擬​化​的​硬​體​給​客​座​端​作​業​系​統​，以​允​許​多​重​作​業​系​統​在​相​同​實​體​系​統​上​執​行​，有​幾​種​可​將​作​業​系​統​虛​擬​化​的​方​法​： 
				<div class="itemizedlist"><ul><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
							Xen 與 KVM 的​完​整​虛​擬​化​所​使​用​的​技​巧​乃​透​過​硬​體​支​援​的​虛​擬​化​（定​義​：<a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Full_virtualization" title="完​整​虛​擬​化​">完​整​虛​擬​化​</a>）
						</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
							Xen 執​行 Linux 客​座​端​所​使​用​的​技​巧​則​是​透​過​半​虛​擬​化​（定​義​：<a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Para_virtualization" title="半​虛​擬​化​">半​虛​擬​化​</a>）
						</div></li><li class="listitem"><div class="para">
							軟​體​虛​擬​化​或​模​擬​。​軟​體​虛​擬​化​使​用​了​執​行​檔​轉​化​（binary translation）以​及​其​它​模​擬​技​巧​來​執​行​未​經​修​改​的​作​業​系​統​。​軟​體​虛​擬​化​的​速​度​比​硬​體​支​援​的​虛​擬​化​或​半​虛​擬​化​還​要​慢​上​許​多​。​
						</div></li></ul></div>
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Virtualized_CPU">Virtualized CPU</dt><dd><div class="para">
				一​部​系​統​所​含​有​的​虛​擬​中​央​處​理​器​（VCPUs）數​量​相​應​於​實​體​處​理​器​核​心​的​數​量​。​虛​擬 CPU 的​數​量​是​有​限​的​，並​且​代​表​了​可​被​分​配​至​客​座​端​虛​擬​機​器​的​虛​擬 CPU 總​數​量​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Virtual_machines">虛​擬​機​器​</dt><dd><div class="para">
				虛​擬​機​器​是​個​實​體​機​器​或​是​程​式​語​言​（例​如 Java Runtime Environment 或​是 LISP）的​軟​體​實​做​。​以​虛​擬​化​的​角​度​來​講​，虛​擬​機​器​屬​於​一​個​執​行​於​虛​擬​硬​體​上​的​作​業​系​統​。​
			</div></dd><dt id="glos-Virtualization_Guide-Xen">Xen</dt><dd><div class="para">
				Fedora 支​援​了 Xen hypervisor 與 KVM hypervisor（請​參​閱 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-Kernel_based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">Kernel-based Virtual Machine</a>）。​這​兩​個 hypervisor 皆​擁​有​不​同​的​架​構​與​建​置​方​法​。​Xen hypervisor 會​在 Linux 作​業​系​統​下​運​作​，並​作​為​主​機​管​理​系​統​資​源​與​虛​擬​化 API。​主​機​有​時​亦​稱​為 <a class="xref" href="#glos-Virtualization_Guide-dom0" title="dom0">dom0</a> 或 Domain0。​
			</div><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/Xen_full_virtualization_architecture.png"/></div><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/Xen_para-virtualization_architecture.png"/></div></dd></dl></div></div></body></html>

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