http://www.darknet.org.uk/2006/03/how-computers-work-free-e-book/ This is a well written book for people without knowledge of basic electronics to become hardware hackers. But will be useful for those who know as well. Best A. Mani -- A. Mani ASL, CLC, AMS, CMS http://amani.topcities.com http://www.logicamani.co.cc