[Libguestfs] [PATCH v2] edit: Add -e 'expr' option to non-interactively apply expression to the file.
Richard W.M. Jones
rjones at redhat.com
Sun Jul 11 19:10:26 UTC 2010
Updated patch:
- improved the documentation
- die is propagated
- $lineno is the current line number
Rich.
--
Richard Jones, Virtualization Group, Red Hat http://people.redhat.com/~rjones
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-------------- next part --------------
>From 6c6fc6f38801fa6e30f1539232f124d48046aa59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard Jones <rjones at redhat.com>
Date: Sun, 11 Jul 2010 16:46:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] edit: Add -e 'expr' option to non-interactively apply expression to the file.
(Suggested by Justin Clift).
---
tools/virt-edit | 119 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
1 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
diff --git a/tools/virt-edit b/tools/virt-edit
index e00e4cf..dd3fd9b 100755
--- a/tools/virt-edit
+++ b/tools/virt-edit
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# virt-edit
-# Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Red Hat Inc.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ virt-edit - Edit a file in a virtual machine
virt-edit [--options] disk.img [disk.img ...] file
+ virt-edit [domname|disk.img] file -e 'expr'
+
=head1 WARNING
You must I<not> use C<virt-edit> on live virtual machines. If you do
@@ -56,10 +58,18 @@ cases you should look at the L<guestfish(1)> tool.
=head1 EXAMPLES
+Edit the named files interactively:
+
virt-edit mydomain /boot/grub/grub.conf
virt-edit mydomain /etc/passwd
+You can also edit files non-interactively (see
+L</NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING> below).
+To change the init default level to 5:
+
+ virt-edit mydomain /etc/inittab -e 's/^id:.*/id:5:initdefault:/'
+
=head1 OPTIONS
=over 4
@@ -92,6 +102,19 @@ connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.
If you specify guest block devices directly, then libvirt is not used
at all.
+=cut
+
+my $expr;
+
+=item B<--expr EXPR> | B<-e EXPR>
+
+Instead of launching the external editor, non-interactively
+apply the Perl expression C<EXPR> to each line in the file.
+See L</NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING> below.
+
+Be careful to properly quote the expression to prevent it from
+being altered by the shell.
+
=back
=cut
@@ -99,6 +122,7 @@ at all.
GetOptions ("help|?" => \$help,
"version" => \$version,
"connect|c=s" => \$uri,
+ "expr|e=s" => \$expr,
) or pod2usage (2);
pod2usage (1) if $help;
if ($version) {
@@ -139,24 +163,42 @@ my $root_dev = $roots[0];
my $os = $oses->{$root_dev};
mount_operating_system ($g, $os, 0);
-my ($fh, $tempname) = tempfile ();
+my ($fh_not_used, $tempname) = tempfile ();
# Allow this to fail in case eg. the file does not exist.
$g->download($filename, $tempname);
-my $oldctime = (stat ($tempname))[10];
+if (!defined $expr) {
+ # Interactively edit the file.
+ my $oldctime = (stat ($tempname))[10];
-my $editor = $ENV{EDITOR};
-$editor ||= "vi";
-system ("$editor $tempname") == 0
- or die "edit failed: $editor: $?";
+ my $editor = $ENV{EDITOR};
+ $editor ||= "vi";
+ system ("$editor $tempname") == 0
+ or die "edit failed: $editor: $?";
-my $newctime = (stat ($tempname))[10];
+ my $newctime = (stat ($tempname))[10];
-if ($oldctime != $newctime) {
- $g->upload ($tempname, $filename)
+ if ($oldctime != $newctime) {
+ $g->upload ($tempname, $filename);
+ } else {
+ print __"File not changed.\n";
+ }
} else {
- print __"File not changed.\n";
+ my ($fh, $tempout) = tempfile ();
+
+ # Apply a Perl expression to the lines of the file.
+ open IFILE, $tempname or die "$tempname: $!";
+ my $lineno = 0;
+ while (<IFILE>) {
+ $lineno++;
+ eval $expr;
+ die if $@;
+ print $fh $_ or die "print: $!";
+ }
+ close $fh;
+
+ $g->upload ($tempout, $filename);
}
$g->sync ();
@@ -166,6 +208,55 @@ undef $g;
exit 0;
+=head1 NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING
+
+C<virt-edit> normally calls out to C<$EDITOR> (or vi) so
+the system administrator can interactively edit the file.
+
+There are two ways also to use C<virt-edit> from scripts in order to
+make automated edits to files. (Note that although you I<can> use
+C<virt-edit> like this, it's less error-prone to write scripts
+directly using the libguestfs API and Augeas for configuration file
+editing.)
+
+The first method is to temporarily set C<$EDITOR> to any script or
+program you want to run. The script is invoked as C<$EDITOR tmpfile>
+and it should update C<tmpfile> in place however it likes.
+
+The second method is to use the C<-e> parameter of C<virt-edit> to run
+a short Perl snippet in the style of L<sed(1)>. For example to
+replace all instances of C<foo> with C<bar> in a file:
+
+ virt-edit domname filename -e 's/foo/bar/'
+
+The full power of Perl regular expressions can be used (see
+L<perlre(1)>). For example to delete root's password you could do:
+
+ virt-edit domname /etc/passwd -e 's/^root:.*?:/root::/'
+
+What really happens is that the snippet is evaluated as a Perl
+expression for each line of the file. The line, including the final
+C<\n>, is passed in C<$_> and the expression should update C<$_> or
+leave it unchanged.
+
+To delete a line, set C<$_ = "">. For example, to delete the
+C<apache> user account from the password file you can do:
+
+ virt-edit mydomain /etc/passwd -e '$_ = "" if /^apache:/'
+
+To insert a line, prepend or append it to C<$_>. However appending
+lines to the end of the file is rather difficult this way since there
+is no concept of "last line of the file" - your expression just
+doesn't get called again. You might want to use the first method
+(setting C<$EDITOR>) if you want to do this.
+
+The variable C<$lineno> contains the current line number.
+As is traditional, the first line in the file is number C<1>.
+
+The return value from the expression is ignored, but the expression
+may call C<die> in order to abort the whole program, leaving the
+original file untouched.
+
=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
=over 4
@@ -187,7 +278,9 @@ L<virt-cat(1)>,
L<Sys::Guestfs(3)>,
L<Sys::Guestfs::Lib(3)>,
L<Sys::Virt(3)>,
-L<http://libguestfs.org/>.
+L<http://libguestfs.org/>,
+L<perl(1)>,
+L<perlre(1)>.
=head1 AUTHOR
@@ -195,7 +288,7 @@ Richard W.M. Jones L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat Inc.
+Copyright (C) 2009-2010 Red Hat Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
--
1.7.1
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