[PATCH] capabilities: audit capability use
Serge E. Hallyn
serge at hallyn.com
Mon Jul 11 15:25:43 UTC 2016
Quoting Topi Miettinen (toiwoton at gmail.com):
> There are many basic ways to control processes, including capabilities,
> cgroups and resource limits. However, there are far fewer ways to find
> out useful values for the limits, except blind trial and error.
>
> Currently, there is no way to know which capabilities are actually used.
> Even the source code is only implicit, in-depth knowledge of each
> capability must be used when analyzing a program to judge which
> capabilities the program will exercise.
>
> Generate an audit message at system call exit, when capabilities are used.
> This can then be used to configure capability sets for services by a
> software developer, maintainer or system administrator.
>
> Test case demonstrating basic capability monitoring with the new
> message types 1330 and 1331 and how the cgroups are displayed (boot to
> rdshell):
Thanks, Topi, I'll find time this week to look this over in detail.
How much chattier does this make the syslog/journald during a regular
boot? I was thinking "this is audit, we can choose what messages
will show up", but I guess that' sonly what auditd actually listens to,
not what kernel emits? (sorry i've not looked at audit in a long
time). Drat, that makes it seem like tracepoints would be better
after all. But let's see how much it addes to the noise.
> BusyBox v1.22.1 (Debian 1:1.22.0-19) built-in shell (ash)
> Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
>
> (initramfs) cd /sys/fs
> (initramfs) mount -t cgroup2 cgroup cgroup
> [ 12.343152] audit_printk_skb: 5886 callbacks suppressed
> [ 12.355214] audit: type=1300 audit(1468234317.100:518): arch=c000003e syscall=165 success=yes exit=0 a0=7fffe1e9ae2d a1=7fffe1e9ae34 a2=7fffe1e9ae25 a3=8000 items=0 ppid=469 pid=470 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=ttyS0 ses=4294967295 comm="mount" exe="/bin/mount" key=(null)
> [ 12.414853] audit: type=1327 audit(1468234317.100:518): proctitle=6D6F756E74002D74006367726F757032006367726F7570006367726F7570
> [ 12.438338] audit: type=1330 audit(1468234317.100:518): cap_used=0000000000200000
> [ 12.453893] audit: type=1331 audit(1468234317.100:518): cgroups=:/;
> (initramfs) cd cgroup
> (initramfs) mkdir test; cd test
> [ 17.335625] audit: type=1300 audit(1468234322.092:519): arch=c000003e syscall=83 success=yes exit=0 a0=7ffddfd75e29 a1=1ff a2=0 a3=1e2 items=0 ppid=469 pid=471 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=ttyS0 ses=4294967295 comm="mkdir" exe="/bin/mkdir" key=(null)
> [ 17.392686] audit: type=1327 audit(1468234322.092:519): proctitle=6D6B6469720074657374
> [ 17.409404] audit: type=1330 audit(1468234322.092:519): cap_used=0000000000000002
> [ 17.425404] audit: type=1331 audit(1468234322.092:519): cgroups=:/;
> (initramfs) echo $$ >cgroup.procs
> (initramfs) mknod /dev/z_$$ c 1 2
> [ 28.385681] audit: type=1300 audit(1468234333.144:520): arch=c000003e syscall=133 success=yes exit=0 a0=7ffe16324e11 a1=21b6 a2=102 a3=5c9 items=0 ppid=469 pid=472 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=ttyS0 ses=4294967295 comm="mknod" exe="/bin/mknod" key=(null)
> [ 28.443674] audit: type=1327 audit(1468234333.144:520): proctitle=6D6B6E6F64002F6465762F7A5F343639006300310032
> [ 28.465888] audit: type=1330 audit(1468234333.144:520): cap_used=0000000008000000
> [ 28.482080] audit: type=1331 audit(1468234333.144:520): cgroups=:/test;
> (initramfs) chown 1234 /dev/z_*
> [ 34.772992] audit: type=1300 audit(1468234339.532:521): arch=c000003e syscall=92 success=yes exit=0 a0=7ffd0b563e17 a1=4d2 a2=0 a3=60a items=0 ppid=469 pid=473 auid=4294967295 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=ttyS0 ses=4294967295 comm="chown" exe="/bin/chown" key=(null)
> [ 34.828569] audit: type=1327 audit(1468234339.532:521): proctitle=63686F776E0031323334002F6465762F7A5F343639
> [ 34.848747] audit: type=1330 audit(1468234339.532:521): cap_used=0000000000000001
> [ 34.864404] audit: type=1331 audit(1468234339.532:521): cgroups=:/test;
>
> Signed-off-by: Topi Miettinen <toiwoton at gmail.com>
> ---
> include/linux/audit.h | 4 +++
> include/linux/cgroup.h | 2 ++
> include/uapi/linux/audit.h | 2 ++
> kernel/audit.c | 7 +++---
> kernel/audit.h | 1 +
> kernel/auditsc.c | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++-
> kernel/capability.c | 5 ++--
> kernel/cgroup.c | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 8 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/audit.h b/include/linux/audit.h
> index e38e3fc..971cb2e 100644
> --- a/include/linux/audit.h
> +++ b/include/linux/audit.h
> @@ -438,6 +438,8 @@ static inline void audit_mmap_fd(int fd, int flags)
> __audit_mmap_fd(fd, flags);
> }
>
> +extern void audit_log_cap_use(int cap);
> +
> extern int audit_n_rules;
> extern int audit_signals;
> #else /* CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL */
> @@ -545,6 +547,8 @@ static inline void audit_mmap_fd(int fd, int flags)
> { }
> static inline void audit_ptrace(struct task_struct *t)
> { }
> +static inline void audit_log_cap_use(int cap)
> +{ }
> #define audit_n_rules 0
> #define audit_signals 0
> #endif /* CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL */
> diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup.h b/include/linux/cgroup.h
> index a20320c..b5dc8aa 100644
> --- a/include/linux/cgroup.h
> +++ b/include/linux/cgroup.h
> @@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ char *task_cgroup_path(struct task_struct *task, char *buf, size_t buflen);
> int cgroupstats_build(struct cgroupstats *stats, struct dentry *dentry);
> int proc_cgroup_show(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
> struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *tsk);
> +struct audit_buffer;
> +void audit_cgroup_list(struct audit_buffer *ab);
>
> void cgroup_fork(struct task_struct *p);
> extern int cgroup_can_fork(struct task_struct *p);
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/audit.h b/include/uapi/linux/audit.h
> index d820aa9..c1ae016 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/audit.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/audit.h
> @@ -111,6 +111,8 @@
> #define AUDIT_PROCTITLE 1327 /* Proctitle emit event */
> #define AUDIT_FEATURE_CHANGE 1328 /* audit log listing feature changes */
> #define AUDIT_REPLACE 1329 /* Replace auditd if this packet unanswerd */
> +#define AUDIT_CAPABILITY 1330 /* Record showing capability use */
> +#define AUDIT_CGROUP 1331 /* Record showing cgroups */
>
> #define AUDIT_AVC 1400 /* SE Linux avc denial or grant */
> #define AUDIT_SELINUX_ERR 1401 /* Internal SE Linux Errors */
> diff --git a/kernel/audit.c b/kernel/audit.c
> index 8d528f9..98dd920 100644
> --- a/kernel/audit.c
> +++ b/kernel/audit.c
> @@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
> #include <linux/kthread.h>
> #include <linux/kernel.h>
> #include <linux/syscalls.h>
> +#include <linux/cgroup.h>
>
> #include <linux/audit.h>
>
> @@ -1682,7 +1683,7 @@ void audit_log_cap(struct audit_buffer *ab, char *prefix, kernel_cap_t *cap)
> {
> int i;
>
> - audit_log_format(ab, " %s=", prefix);
> + audit_log_format(ab, "%s=", prefix);
> CAP_FOR_EACH_U32(i) {
> audit_log_format(ab, "%08x",
> cap->cap[CAP_LAST_U32 - i]);
> @@ -1696,11 +1697,11 @@ static void audit_log_fcaps(struct audit_buffer *ab, struct audit_names *name)
> int log = 0;
>
> if (!cap_isclear(*perm)) {
> - audit_log_cap(ab, "cap_fp", perm);
> + audit_log_cap(ab, " cap_fp", perm);
> log = 1;
> }
> if (!cap_isclear(*inh)) {
> - audit_log_cap(ab, "cap_fi", inh);
> + audit_log_cap(ab, " cap_fi", inh);
> log = 1;
> }
>
> diff --git a/kernel/audit.h b/kernel/audit.h
> index a492f4c..680e8b5 100644
> --- a/kernel/audit.h
> +++ b/kernel/audit.h
> @@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ struct audit_context {
> };
> int fds[2];
> struct audit_proctitle proctitle;
> + kernel_cap_t cap_used;
> };
>
> extern u32 audit_ever_enabled;
> diff --git a/kernel/auditsc.c b/kernel/auditsc.c
> index 2672d10..32c3813 100644
> --- a/kernel/auditsc.c
> +++ b/kernel/auditsc.c
> @@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ static int audit_match_filetype(struct audit_context *ctx, int val)
> * References in it _are_ dropped - at the same time we free/drop aux stuff.
> */
>
> -#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIT_TREE
> static void audit_set_auditable(struct audit_context *ctx)
> {
> if (!ctx->prio) {
> @@ -206,6 +205,7 @@ static void audit_set_auditable(struct audit_context *ctx)
> }
> }
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_AUDIT_TREE
> static int put_tree_ref(struct audit_context *ctx, struct audit_chunk *chunk)
> {
> struct audit_tree_refs *p = ctx->trees;
> @@ -1439,6 +1439,18 @@ static void audit_log_exit(struct audit_context *context, struct task_struct *ts
>
> audit_log_proctitle(tsk, context);
>
> + ab = audit_log_start(context, GFP_KERNEL, AUDIT_CAPABILITY);
> + if (ab) {
> + audit_log_cap(ab, "cap_used", &context->cap_used);
> + audit_log_end(ab);
> + }
> + ab = audit_log_start(context, GFP_KERNEL, AUDIT_CGROUP);
> + if (ab) {
> + audit_log_format(ab, "cgroups=");
> + audit_cgroup_list(ab);
> + audit_log_end(ab);
> + }
> +
> /* Send end of event record to help user space know we are finished */
> ab = audit_log_start(context, GFP_KERNEL, AUDIT_EOE);
> if (ab)
> @@ -2428,3 +2440,17 @@ struct list_head *audit_killed_trees(void)
> return NULL;
> return &ctx->killed_trees;
> }
> +
> +void audit_log_cap_use(int cap)
> +{
> + struct audit_context *context = current->audit_context;
> +
> + if (context) {
> + cap_raise(context->cap_used, cap);
> + audit_set_auditable(context);
> + } else {
> + audit_log(NULL, GFP_NOFS, AUDIT_CAPABILITY,
> + "cap_used=%d pid=%d no audit_context",
> + cap, task_pid_nr(current));
> + }
> +}
> diff --git a/kernel/capability.c b/kernel/capability.c
> index 45432b5..d45d5b1 100644
> --- a/kernel/capability.c
> +++ b/kernel/capability.c
> @@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ bool has_capability_noaudit(struct task_struct *t, int cap)
> * @ns: The usernamespace we want the capability in
> * @cap: The capability to be tested for
> *
> - * Return true if the current task has the given superior capability currently
> - * available for use, false if not.
> + * Return true if the current task has the given superior capability
> + * currently available for use, false if not. Write an audit message.
> *
> * This sets PF_SUPERPRIV on the task if the capability is available on the
> * assumption that it's about to be used.
> @@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ bool ns_capable(struct user_namespace *ns, int cap)
> }
>
> if (security_capable(current_cred(), ns, cap) == 0) {
> + audit_log_cap_use(cap);
> current->flags |= PF_SUPERPRIV;
> return true;
> }
> diff --git a/kernel/cgroup.c b/kernel/cgroup.c
> index 75c0ff0..1931679 100644
> --- a/kernel/cgroup.c
> +++ b/kernel/cgroup.c
> @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
> #include <linux/nsproxy.h>
> #include <linux/proc_ns.h>
> #include <net/sock.h>
> +#include <linux/audit.h>
>
> /*
> * pidlists linger the following amount before being destroyed. The goal
> @@ -5789,6 +5790,67 @@ out:
> return retval;
> }
>
> +/*
> + * audit_cgroup_list()
> + * - Print task's cgroup paths with audit_log_format()
> + * - Used for capability audit logging
> + * - Otherwise very similar to proc_cgroup_show().
> + */
> +void audit_cgroup_list(struct audit_buffer *ab)
> +{
> + char *buf, *path;
> + struct cgroup_root *root;
> +
> + buf = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_NOFS);
> + if (!buf)
> + return;
> +
> + mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
> + spin_lock_irq(&css_set_lock);
> +
> + for_each_root(root) {
> + struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
> + struct cgroup *cgrp;
> + int ssid, count = 0;
> +
> + if (root == &cgrp_dfl_root && !cgrp_dfl_visible)
> + continue;
> +
> + if (root != &cgrp_dfl_root)
> + for_each_subsys(ss, ssid)
> + if (root->subsys_mask & (1 << ssid))
> + audit_log_format(ab, "%s%s",
> + count++ ? "," : "",
> + ss->legacy_name);
> + if (strlen(root->name))
> + audit_log_format(ab, "%sname=%s", count ? "," : "",
> + root->name);
> + audit_log_format(ab, ":");
> +
> + cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(current, root);
> +
> + if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp) || !(current->flags & PF_EXITING)) {
> + path = cgroup_path_ns_locked(cgrp, buf, PATH_MAX,
> + current->nsproxy->cgroup_ns);
> + if (!path)
> + goto out_unlock;
> + } else
> + path = "/";
> +
> + audit_log_format(ab, "%s", path);
> +
> + if (cgroup_on_dfl(cgrp) && cgroup_is_dead(cgrp))
> + audit_log_format(ab, " (deleted);");
> + else
> + audit_log_format(ab, ";");
> + }
> +
> +out_unlock:
> + spin_unlock_irq(&css_set_lock);
> + mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
> + kfree(buf);
> +}
> +
> /* Display information about each subsystem and each hierarchy */
> static int proc_cgroupstats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
> {
> --
> 2.8.1
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