How to set up a DNS server(at Home)
Seann Clark
nombrandue at tsukinokage.net
Thu Feb 5 19:47:23 UTC 2009
Ok, with setting up the domain server, the key thing to consider, is
this going be able to be queried from the internet? If so, then yes you
need to register a domain, to avoid confusion and issues. If this is
just going to be isolated to your local network, and not accessible
outside of your network, you won't have to register a domain.
I hope that clarifies it a little bit for you
GMS S wrote:
> Is it necessary to register a domain name for setting up a dns server?
> Though reading ,it is not clear to me.
>
> Thanks.
>
> --- On *Wed, 1/28/09, Seann Clark /<nombrandue at tsukinokage.net>/* wrote:
>
>
> From: Seann Clark <nombrandue at tsukinokage.net>
> Subject: Re: How to set up a DNS server(at Home)
> To: gmspro at yahoo.com, "Community assistance, encouragement, and
> advice for using Fedora." <fedora-list at redhat.com>
> Date: Wednesday, January 28, 2009, 10:35 PM
>
> gmspro at yahoo.com </mc/compose?to=gmspro at yahoo.com> wrote:
> > Hi,
> > Typing this "rpm -q bind" got this:
> > bind-9.5.1-0.8.b2.fc10.i386
> >
> > In "named.conf file" I got this:
> >
> > //
> > // named.conf
> > //
> > // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND
> named(8) DNS
> > // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS
> resolver only).
> > //
> > // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named
> configuration files.
> > //
> >
> > options {
> > listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
> > listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
> > directory "/var/named";
> > dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
> > statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
> > memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
> > allow-query { localhost; };
> > recursion yes;
> > };
> >
> > logging {
> > channel default_debug {
> > file "data/named.run";
> > severity dynamic;
> > };
> > };
> >
> > zone "." IN {
> > type hint;
> > file "named.ca";
> > };
> >
> > include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
> >
> > And in "named.rfc1912.zones"
> >
> > // named.rfc1912.zones:
> > //
> > // Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
> > //
> > // ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
> > // RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
> > // and
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsop-default-local-zones-02.txt
> > // (c)2007 R W Franks
> > //
> > // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named
> configuration files.
> > //
> >
> > zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
> > type master;
> > file "named.localhost";
> > allow-update { none; };
> > };
> >
> > zone "localhost" IN {
> > type master;
> > file "named.localhost";
> > allow-update { none; };
> > };
> >
> > zone
> "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa"
> IN {
> > type master;
> > file "named.loopback";
> > allow-update { none; };
> > };
> >
> > zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
> > type master;
> > file "named.loopback";
> > allow-update { none; };
> > };
> >
> > zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
> > type master;
> > file "named.empty";
> > allow-update { none; };
> > };
> >
> > Can anyone explain the file contents in detail and about named.ca?
> > And what I have to do in step by step to set up a dns server ?
> >
> > PC configuration(Home):
> > Processor:Intel Pentium D 2.66GHz
> > Ram:1GB
> > Hard Disk:80GB
> >
> >
> >
> I hate to plug books, but this may be the easiest way to get an
> good explanation to a home user of the components on a DNS server.
> Check out http://my.safaribooksonline.com/0596100574 Which is the
> DNS BIND book, which is a very valuable asset when learning DNS.
>
>
> In a quick nutshell, the named.ca file contains the IP addresses
> and names of the 'root' DNS servers in the world. These are the
> 'dot' in your .com/.net etc (actually it is the dot AFTER the .com
> but that is a little complex to get into) That file helps you find
> the DNS server of the domain you are after, starting at the root,
> or . and working down to, say if you are looking for
> www.google.com, going from the . DNS to the .com DNS to the
> google.com DNS.
>
> Simplest way to set up a home DNS, copy the
> 'localhost.localdomain' file, keep everything down past to the NS
> listings (I believe it should be NS localhost in that line) and
> then add in your hostnames and IP's in a format like
>
>
> host1 IN A 10.1.1.1
> host2 IN A 10.1.1.2
> host3 IN A 10.1.1.3
>
>
> Where IN is the most common use that you will find and works well
> in this situation (Stands for Internet Name, I believe) and A
> stands for the type of record. You can, after you have a few A
> entires, add in a CNAME like this
>
>
> alias IN CNAME host1.domain.net
>
>
>
> After you are done with this, you need to copy named.loopback and
> remove the same portion in that file as you did with the first
> file we edited. The format in this is a little different. If your
> network IP range is as describe above you would have to add in the
> following entires:
>
> 1 IN PTR host1.domain.net.
> 2 IN PTR host2.domain.net.
> 3 IN PTR host3.domain.net.
>
>
> Where PTR stands for pointer, and this provides IP to name resolution.
>
>
> your completed new domain file should be set up like this:
>
> $ORIGIN .
> $TTL 86400 ; 1 day
> domain.net IN SOA dns.domain.net. root.domain.net. (
> 2009012801 ; serial - When updating
> the file, use current date and revision number as follows : yyyymmddrr
> 10800 ; refresh (3 hours)
> 900 ; retry (15 minutes)
> 604800 ; expire (1 week)
> 86400 ; minimum (1 day)
> )
> NS dns.domain.net
> host1 IN A 10.1.1.1
> host2 IN A 10.1.1.2
> host3 IN A 10.1.1.3
>
>
>
> And your pointer record should look similar to that
> (1.1.10.in-addr.arpa instead of domain.net in the IN SOA line.)
>
> After that, in your named.conf file you need to add in those two
> new files into the configurations:
>
>
> zone "domain.net" IN {
> type master;
> file "domain.net";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> zone "1.1.10.in-addr.arpa" IN {
> type master;
> file "1.1.10.conf";
> allow-update { none; };
> };
>
> After you start named up (service start named) if it starts file,
> you should be good to go. Since this is a fedora system named runs
> by default in a chroot jail so you can find all the files under:
> /var/named/chroot/
>
> to check the logs for your troubleshooting if you have issues,
> should be in /var/named/chroot/var/log or in /var/log depending on
> how it is set up. I don't remember completely since it has been a
> long time since I have used default logging on a DNS.
>
> Few Gotcha's:
> in the PTR file, remember periods at the end of the lines for the
> host names. In the named.conf, make sure you didn't forget a
> semi-colon, as these are a royal pain to find (the logs give you
> an approximate position as to where it was missing/broke, but
> nothing exact) and it can be trying on the eyes. Also make sure if
> you use a firewall that TCP and UDP port 53 is opened.
>
>
> Regards,
> Seann
>
>
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